An Acting Critique of Legally Blonde the Musical Essay

An Acting Critique of Legally Blonde the Musical On Friday night, May third at and p.m., my mom and I went to the premiere night of Legally Blonde in the Buena P.A.C. I should start by saying that I am somewhat one-sided towards one of the entertainers who just so happens to be my sister, so the jobs of Chutney, the young lady who incidentally killed her dad, and a Delta Nu sister have never been played all the more consummately in my eyes. While I found the play both diverting and agreeable, there were some large issues the extent that premiere night goes. Things like absence of projection (on some genuine mouthpiece issues, which I can't censure the on-screen characters for), entertainers overlooking lines, and messy blocking, particularly in a large number of the moves during the melodic numbers, all detracted from the general understanding of the show. Be that as it may, there were certainly a few things I totally adored, which were generally explicit characters. Likewise, the nature of the singing in all the melodic numbers wa s high, which is something you don’t see frequently in a secondary school melodic creation. That being stated, I thought it merited my five dollars, and an incredible route for Buena to end its 2012-13 season. Like I said previously, specialized perspectives, for example, receiver glitches can't be accused on the on-screen characters. It is the activity of the professionals to guarantee the entirety of the gear capacities appropriately. In any case, I accept that on-screen characters ought not depend on such specialized perspectives alone to guarantee that they are viably heard by each individual from the crowd. Call me antiquated, yet I am a firm devotee to projection; making your voice skip off the dividers of the theater. All things considered, theaters are geometrically intended to do only that. In any case, I surmise not every person feels that way, and it was obvious Friday night when each time an actor’s mouthpiece went out, maybe they were murmuring. This is frequently unfavorable to the plot in such a case that entertainers can't be heard, essential snippets of data are lost upon the crowd. This issue could have been non-existent if the entertainers had rehearsed their proj ection. Fortunately, I saw the film first, so I knew the plot before I even watched the play. Alongside not continually having the option to hear the on-screen characters, line remembrance appeared to cause a couple of issues in front of an audience Friday night too. I will concede, it was not as clear of an issue similar to the absence of perceptibility on occasion, yet, I noticed it many occasions. The model that stood apart to me more than anything was the character of Paulette, the proprietor of Elle’s most loved salon and dear companion to Elle. She was in a solo in front of an audience and totally dropped very nearly a whole section of her melody. I won't judge her too cruelly on the grounds that I completely comprehend the weights of premiere night, and I am certain the weight of a performance is similarly as substantial. I am essentially utilizing it for instance. Some other line slips I saw were genuinely minor, and when they occurred, the entertainers did a truly great job of concealing it and accepting the way things are. The last huge issue I had with Legally Blonde the Musical was the blocking. Call me insane, yet it appeared to me towards the finish of the play that either the on-screen characters got very sluggish with their hindering during the moves, or they basically didn't practice the scenes enough. In any case, it was exceptionally self-evident. Entertainers were off rhythm, finding each other, and were likewise totally out of sync when they ought not have been. The entertainers generally liable of that were the Delta Nu sorority sisters (with the exception of my sister, obviously). I additionally saw that it was the move scenes that needed blocking, yet so did a significant number of the conversational scenes. I love watching actors’ faces more than anything since I accept that’s where most acting is finished. I needed so gravely to do that Friday night, however I invested the entire energy extending my neck to attempt to get glimpses. Very aggravating, considering the way tha t my mom and I showed up just about a half hour right on time to get seats in the focal point of the house. Acting is about activity, and activity can't be comprehended on the off chance that it can't be seen. Since I have caused a ruckus about what I truly didn't appreciate about the Friday late evening appearing of Legally Blonde the Musical, I ought to most likely discuss the things that I truly delighted in, which certainly exceeded the awful. My total most loved character (other than the ones played by my sister) was Enid Hoopes, played by senior Aubrie Bouchard. She was a women’s rights extremist, just as a full-blooded lesbian, your normal intense young lady with a ton to demonstrate to the world. She was totally amusing; her planning was extraordinary, her character improvement was great, and her projection was superb. She made them move with every last bit of her totally coordinated jokes, particularly when her inward lesbian appeared. My other most loved gathering ofâ characters was Elle’s three closest companions from Malibu: Pilar, Margot, and Serena, who likewise came to be known as the Greek chorale. This was an amazingly fitting moniker since they filled a similar need as the first Greek tunes in the principal plays. They generally appeared in Elle’s critical crossroads to give her help, and to give the crowd data. They additionally happened to be amusing and bubbly, as Delta Nu sisters ought to be. They likewise had superb projection, particularly Serena, played by Jansen Morgen. I likewise delighted in Professor Callahan’s character, played by Braxton Olgetree. He was not a truly agreeable character the extent that the plot of the play went, yet I could tell the entertainer put a great deal of work into his character, particularly on the voice. He was dull and monotone, much the same as a law teacher at Harvard ought to be, and his character work truly shone through. I additionally sho uld make reference to the most delightful and polite character of the whole show, the piece of Rufus, Paulette’s hound, played by an American bulldog named Sarge. He was both adorable and faultless. The other thing I adored about this play was the general nature of the singing. I was satisfied with all the melodic numbers; all the tunes were charming and snappy, nobody caused my ears to drain, and I could hear everybody genuinely well even with the entirety of the receiver issues. Normally, from my own understanding, most secondary school musicals comprise of two gatherings of individuals: ensemble children and theater kids. Not all ensemble children can act, and not all performance center children can sing, yet I am satisfied to state that this melodic was not that way. Everybody had the option to sing and act adequately. My preferred melodic number was the tune â€Å"Gay or European†, which was acted in the court scene when they were attempting to make sense of whether the pool kid, who professed to be Brooke Windam’s sweetheart, was gay. It was extremely light-humored and engaging. I additionally appreciated the initial number, â€Å"Ohmigod†, which was p erformed by Elle and her Delta Nu sisters in the earliest reference point. Like I said from the beginning, I was somewhat one-sided towards this play from the earliest starting point essentially in light of the fact that my younger sibling was in it. Nonetheless, in any event, when I set my inclination aside, I can sincerely say I was completely satisfied with my experience as a crowd of people part all in all. While I should concede there were different issues with things like entertainer projection, absence of legitimate blocking,â and absence of line retention, the general nature of acting was very charming. The character work done by the vast majority of the entertainers was obvious and praiseworthy. I adored the entirety of the primary characters, just as the minor ones. The singing was likewise incredible; I didn't end up flinching at any of the melodic numbers. Rather, I really ended up tapping my feet and in some cases in any event, chiming in with the appealing melodies. I know the showings of Legally Blonde the Musical are all over now, however I would prescribe it to anybody to take a brief trip and see that appear. It was unquestionably a â€Å"A† execution.

Shakespeare †Sonnet 116 Analysis and Interpretation Essay Essays

Shakespeare †Sonnet 116 Analysis and Interpretation Essay Essays Shakespeare †Sonnet 116 Analysis and Interpretation Essay Paper Shakespeare †Sonnet 116 Analysis and Interpretation Essay Paper Poem 116 was composed by William Shakespeare and distributed in 1609. William Shakespeare was an English creator and writer. also, has composed a clump of commended shows. among them Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare lived in the Elizabethan age. At that cut. the writing and workmanship was in sprout. also, his plants are obviously described by that age both as phonetic correspondence and subject goes. A work is a sonnet comprising of 14 lines. three quatrains and a couple. in which the round follows the predictable rhyming. Work 116 is. like the a large portion of Shakespeare’s pieces. about adoration. In this piece. Shakespeare attempts to indicate love by using comparings. representations and exemplification. The subject of the poem is emphatically â€Å"true love† in view of every one of his endeavors to indicate it by delineating what genuine romance offices. what's more, why it is so of import to human presences. The principal quatrain is somewhat the â€Å"introduction† of the poem. while the two after quatrains are the natural structure of the poem. where he explains the two first lines. The pair in the terminal is the choice. also, is utilized to summarize and close the work. In Shakespeare’s pieces. the last two lines are often about Shakespeare himself in some way. Either by sharing his ain estimation regarding the matter he is creating around. or on the other hand to adulate himself as an imaginative individual. In the first and a half line. he says â€Å"let me non to the marriage of genuine heads concede impediments† . That implies. that he won’t announce any grounds to why two individuals with genuine romance towards one another shouldn’t obtain wedded. He proceeds with: â€Å"love is non love which modifies when it change finds. or then again twists with the remover to remove† . which can expect that affection is non love on the off chance t hat it changes or blurs off whenever a superior possibility comes up. He explains this in the accompanying quatrain. where he utilizes a similitude and thinks about affection to an at any point fixed evaluation. taking the boats like the North Star. The boats are intended to be the human presences lost in the chase for life’s genuine centrality. The last line of the quatrain says: â€Å"whose worth’s obscure. despite the fact that his stature be taken† . which is an unmistakable contrasting with affection. what's more, how it is mensurable. yet at the same time more important than words jar ever explain. This analogy makes the message all the more clear. since you can consider this star directing the lost crewmans in the focal point of the sea and you comprehend the essentialness of the words in an other way than if he had simply composed: â€Å"love is priceless† . In the third quatrain. he starts with: â€Å"Love is non Time’s sap. despite the fact that rose-hued lips and cheeks inside his flexing sickle’s compass semen. † First of all. â€Å"Love is non time’s fool† is an exemplification. since â€Å"time† is given a human quality by being a sap. The entire sentence offices. that clasp is nonmeaningful to adore and that affection doesn’t consideration about maturing or perish. The accompanying two lines: â€Å"Love changes non with his concise hours and hebdomads. Be that as it may, bears it out even to the fringe of moment of retribution. † Empathizes the way that adoration is an unchanging build and goes past expire. This last quatrain is genuinely amazing and to express that non even perish can stop love makes it much more grounded. This is actually the entire message in the work. that genuine romance is so solid. non even expire can show signs of improvement of it. With the pair in the terminal. he turns the point of convergence on himself by expressing: â€Å" If this be botch and upon me demonstrated. I neer writ. nor no grown-up male ever adored. † He kind of says. that if what he has simply composed is demonstrated off base. no 1 has ever adored. what's more, he isn’t a writer. He likely implies that he is so sure about this perpetual genuine affection. that he would revile on his most esteemed capacity. viz. his achievements as a creator. In some way. you can express that he winds up lauding himself a little spot in this piece too much. Something very similar occurs in the pair of poem 18 â€Å"shall I think about thee. . † where he winds up declaring that his sectio n structure makes individuals eternal. Something else that piece 18 and poem 116 shares for all intents and purpose is their numerous comparings. In spite of the fact that the comparings in poem 18 are somewhat more evident in work 116. it is still kind of a similar build. contrasting affection and excellence with nature. Furthermore, of class. the subject of affection is steady through such a large number of his works. The contrast between these two works is to a great extent the way that poem 18 is kept in touch with a particular individual ( in any event. we expect that ) . while the getting arrangement of piece 116 can be any individual who is amusing to cognize the meaning of genuine romance. The â€Å"love† issue takes up a group of interminable in both Shakespeare’s poems and dramatizations. what's more, I believe that the ground his plants neer leave way. It is simply a dateless subject. fascinating no undertaking what race. age or sexual orientation you are. His plants are known around the universe. what's more, can beinterpreted so it fits each head everyplace known to man. With this work. Shakespeare has characterized love for the full human race.

The Essays on Neoliberalism by Amanda Frye

The Essays on Neoliberalism by Amanda FryeThe essays on neoliberalism by Amanda Frye, is a well known source for intellectual topics on the topic of economic and social policies. She is well known as an educator in the fields of education and sociology, and she has been teaching for almost 25 years now.What is great about this book is that it contains many new neoliberal essay topics as well as those same topics are being taught to many others in schools and colleges all over the world. This is great if you are interested in learning about the economy or social issues, or if you are interested in learning more about the author herself.These days, the economic philosophy of the free market has become very popular in America. It was due to the government policies of President Ronald Reagan that brought on this sort of mindset. These policies placed an emphasis on reducing taxes and increasing the role of the government in the economy.However, what makes these neoliberal essays so inter esting is that some people look at it as a threat to the establishment. Many people also are not too fond of capitalism as well as free market economics and would rather see these things replaced with something else. The author, Amanda Frye, has been doing this for years now, so you can look up her knowledge on economics and socialism and other forms of socialism in her book.There are many different topics in this book, but the main topic is the decline of the American dream. The authors state that the American dream was one of hard work and striving for a better life. But now, people have become lazy and do not put in any effort into building up their lives anymore.Also, in their essays, they show that there is a big issue with the education of the poor children in America. In most cases, poor children are not being taught the values of the free market way of life. They are learning bad habits such as selfishness, or lack of concern for others.In addition to the essay topics, you w ill also find educational resources that will help you get better at economic and social analysis. You will also find information about economic and social policies from the past, as well as present day, as well as recent changes that are happening today.This is a good book for anyone interested in economic and social topics. The topics are good and you will learn a lot about the subject matter, but it would be best to just make sure that you have at least a basic understanding of economics before you get started on this.

Marketing Plan for Smoothie Drink - 5556 Words

FruitLift’s Marketing Plan Picture of various fruits Picture of various fruits Yesenia Haro, Gabi Radanava, Dylan Nein Marketing 230 Section 1 Introduction to Marketing Professor Gary L. Hunter April 15, 2012 Illinois State University Executive Summary The following report analyzes the product FruitLift that we created for this project. The purpose of this project is to determine what factors influence successful marketing. We also determine if marketing successfully in one environment means can be translated into success in another environment. We will first introduce the product. Following that we will describe the situation analysis of FruitLift: we will describe the internal and external environments of FruitLift. We also explain†¦show more content†¦Our prospective customers are 20 to 35 year old middle class people. These people tend to be health conscious and may be in college. With peoples growing health concerns and shortage on free time, FruitLift can emerge as a popular product for people who attend health and fitness clubs. College students are becoming be aware about their health, so FruitLift will emerge as a late night drink when they study. The tough part about FruitLift’s external environment will be the resources. We are very limited on available funds for this project. When starting off it will be difficult to afford the proper ingredients to make a wide variety of our product. We will have to grow the revenues of our product before we can span out to making more varieties of FruitLift. Since we will be limited on funds starting off our most valuable resource will be our employees and the way we get our product known. The biggest part of technology that we will use will be the internet. Social Networking is a free way to market towards millions of people. We will create a Facebook and Twitter page for this product, and offer random coupon awards to the people who are fans of the pages. We also plan to create a cellular phone application that keeps track of the nutrients that you consumer through drinking FruitLift. S.W.O.T. Analysis Strengths | Weaknesses | * Healthy Alternative to Gain Energy * Innovative Marketing Team | * Intense Competition in Energy Drink and FruitShow MoreRelatedFacilities And Equipment Plan For An Organization1112 Words   |  5 PagesFacilities and Equipment Plan Our goal at Smoothie King is to provide an environment that is fully functional and welcoming for our customers. We are making smoothies to assist people with various health purposes and preferences. In order to do that we must have a facility that encompasses all of our needs to provide our customers with the best service possible. Principal Location Location: South point Mall McDonough, Georgia 30253, when customers walk through our doors, they will immediately seeRead MoreMarketing Strategy3716 Words   |  15 Pages[pic] Strategic Marketing Plan Prepared by: Pashuan Armond Phalon Clowers Strategic Marketing - EBA 604 Dr. Donald Wilson September 24, 2005 1.0 Executive Summary The goal of this marketing plan is to outline the strategies, tactics, and programs that will make the sales goals outlined in the Smoothie King business plan a reality in the year 2006. Smoothies are one of the hottest franchise concepts going right now with the market inRead MoreEssay on Juice Guys Case Study Analysis1200 Words   |  5 PagesIn the summer of 1998, Nantucket Nectar created a subsidiary of their brand called Juice Guys. This new product was comprised of fresh juice and fruit smoothie drinks that were taking over the West Coast. Within three-and-a-half months, Juice Guys had sold a total of 175,000 items ranging from smoothies, yogurts, sorbets, Nantucket Nectar drinks and fresh squeezed juices. Juice Guys’ revenue went up to 91% and they made a profit of $227,000 in sales. Noticing the tremendous success within theRead MoreJuice Center Buisness Plan1874 Words   |  8 PagesJuice Center Business Plan A B S T R A C T Business is ever changing; change is the only constant in business environment. Comprehensive business plan with clear Mission, objective considering Executive Summary ‘Sam’s Juice Center’ is unlike a typical Juice Center will provide excellent combination of Organic fruit and vegetable Juices at value pricing with fun and entertaining atmosphere. It is determined to become a dream place to overcome a day to day stress due to its pleasant ambiance andRead MoreInnocent Smoothies Are Coming to Japan2923 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Innocent is a well-established smoothie and health food company in its home market of the UK and has had success in moving into various markets in the European Union. With the added partnership with global brand Coca-Cola, it could be said that Innocent is in prime position to begin its expansion into new markets globally. This report will note the benefits and potential risks of entering the chosen market of Japan based on research and theoretical analysis. Japan was first chosen dueRead MoreWhat Makes A Apple Smoothie Bar? Essay2175 Words   |  9 Pagesthe first Smoothie Bar in 1973, Smoothie King has grown to over 650 locations across three continents. From the US to the Republic of Korea, Singapore and the Cayman Islands, our purpose continues to impact millions of lives around the globe. 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Richard, Jon and Adam, the three co- founders of innocent were sitting in the board room at innocent’s headquarters Fruit Towers discussing the international expansion they could achieve thanks to the injection of cash from and global experience of the Coca Cola Company . With the goal of becoming the biggest small drinks company in the world, they are currently operating in 15 EuropeanRead MoreThe Success of Innocent Drinks Using Competing Values Framework and Pestel Analysis.1625 Words   |  7 PagesTHE SUCCESS OF INNOCENT DRINKS USING COMPETING VALUES FRAMEWORK AND PESTEL ANALYSIS. Innocent Drinks was started by three friends in 1999 that developed premium smoothies that contained 100% natural fruit with no water or added sugar. The aim was to provide people with quick ready-to-go and healthy food and drink options. The company is now one of the best-loved and fastest growing businesses in Britain. The highly successful Innocent Drinks sells $2 million smoothies per week across Europe, buildingRead MoreClif Bar Marketing Plan7190 Words   |  29 Pagesshots. Increasing international growth and commitment to the environment and their employees are major strengths for the company. Growth opportunities are present in the organic market, which is projected to grow 9% (Scott-Thomas, 2012), and the smoothie market, which will see a potential growth of 1.6% through 2013 (Technomic, 2012). Some of the weaknesses facing the company are its narrow target market in the organic product industry and lack of traditional advertising. Major competition from Odwalla

Effects of Cyber Bullying on Psychosocial Development in Adolescent

Effects of Cyber Bullying on Psychosocial Development in Adolescent Cyberbullying is mostly entailing the act of intimidating a person by sending them threatening and daunting messages using electronic communication devices. The study is meant to investigate how cyberbullying affects the social and psychological growth of adolescents. Erikson theory of psychological suggests that in the eight stages of mental, an individual must experience a challenge. The crisis may either have negative or a positive effect on an individual’s personality development. The research experience tested the relationship between cyberbullying and the adolescence development. Therefore, the findings showed that cyberbullying is a global public health apprehension among adolescents. Ultimately, Erikson theory of psychosocial relates with the research topic in that, regarding the eight stages that a healthy developing person must go through, there are challenges that one encounters. Also, cyberbullying affects the psychosocial growth of adolescents. Furthermore, the research results support this theory by highlighting the similar effects that teenager’s experiences. According to the findings, cyberbullying poses a significant threat to adolescents hence hindering their psychosocial development. Besides, the conclusion sums up to the fact that the youth’s personality is affected by cyberbullying thus could lead to low self-esteem. Introduction Currently, the culture of young people is migrating whereby, instead of using the internet as a mode of communication every day, it has changed to be a necessity and a primary mode of communication. Therefore, it has created a perspective and unique harmful dynamic for a social correlation. Besides, cyberbullying encompasses action taken through communication technologies with the aim of hurting another person. According to Ericson theory, the first five stages occur up to the age of eighteen then the other three happen beyond to adulthood (Domino Affonso., 1990). Erikson puts a great emphasis on adolescents’ development even though he believes there is room for a person to continue developing throughout their life. The human lifespan development area varies from childbirth to adulthood. Regarding this theory, acquisition of health virtues and successful growth of personality results from the completion of each development stage (Domino Affonso., 1990). Methods In this case, the method used is correlation or descriptive whereby, we use a survey to investigate the relationship between the psychosocial development of adolescents and cyberbullying. The variables that impact cyber bullying among the young people in cyberspace were measured in this research design. Additionally, the effects of cyberbullying on the psychosocial development of an adolescent were collected through statistical data using this study. Evidently, the Internet communication among the youth is at a high rate hence increases the chances of cyberbullying occurrences. Furthermore, this study determines where a relationship between the two variables, which is cyber bullying and youth’s development, exists. A descriptive analysis of the respondent’s demographic behavior occurred through this research design. Moreover, developed research questions and the hypothesis aimed at passing awareness of the effects of cyberbullying on how the youths develop socially. Some participants were used in the study and their experiences and attitude on cyberbullying and how their psychosocial development is affected was investigated. An institution review board played the role of evaluating the purpose of the study, position of the researcher and determining whether it is ethical (Morrow Downey., 2013). The study took place at Cambridge University located in England. The reason for choosing this site is the fact that it has a reasonable population which can serve best in the study. The respondents got recruited through an advertisement that was approved by the student government connotation. Questionnaires were given out to the participants to feel out their responses. Additionally, an observation method was used to collect more information on cyberbullying of adolescents. In this study, convenience sampling to investigate students at Cambridge University was employed by the researcher. Besides, it involves, examining how the social health growth of a young person can be affected by cyberbullying. Additionally, the target population for this survey consisted of both male and female students. The questioners used were meant to collect data and information from the respondents. It was both structured and unstructured to give room for more collection of initial information. Therefore, the raw data collected stored for further statistical analysis to come up with the correct findings. Besides, the employed descriptive statistics measured and integrated cross-tabulation and frequency dissemination. Also, to obtain insight of the respondents of the study, utilization of frequency propagation of demographic data was conducted. Limitation of the study Foremost, the questionnaires had issues since they were not reused from a previous survey. It means that the researcher was the one who created them for only the purpose of examining and conducting the study. Also, Cambridge University constituted both Americans and African American students, so there was a limitation in investigating other races on the effects of cyberbullying on the psychosocial development of youths. Therefore, it is clear that the researcher did not have the same ethnicity collection. Results According to study, it is evident that cyber bullying leads to victimization and internalization of issues by the young people. For instances, the findings show that there is the existence of a substantial relationship between the depression among adolescents and cyberbullying victimization. The results indicate that high rates of depressive effects relate to a significant amount of cyberbullying victimization (Morrow Downey., 2013). Regarding the research, when controlling possible perplexing variables, there is a different influence of cyberbullying in depressing symptomology and suicidal thoughts in the adolescents group. The results also show that cyberbullying may lead to externalizing complications of teenagers. For instance, when looking at the youths who have experienced cyberbullying, they are most likely involved in drug abuse and sexual behaviors. Example, taking alcohol, involved in early sex, carrying of weapons in schools among others. As compared to other peers, cyberbullying victims likely involve in these unethical actions. Besides, such practices affect the academic growth of the adolescent and also interferes with their general health growth (Valkenburg Jochen., 2011). Additionally, the outcomes show that cyberbullying also leads to problem behaviors and perpetration. Concerning the survey, it is evident that teenagers who are culprits of cyber bullying involve themselves in problem behaviors which may include, illegal acts, reactive aggression and increased number of proactive action Valkenburg Jochen., 2011). Negative emotions from youths like anger, fear, frustration, embracement and sadness have been associated with cyber bullying. According to the findings, cyberbullying poses a significant threat to adolescents hence hindering their psychosocial development Valkenburg Jochen., 2011). The research findings change the personal values and behaviors of an individual in that; their personality is highly affected since they feel alone when bullied online and distressed. It leads to low self-esteem and in other cases, makes the person venture into immoral activities. Apart from low self-esteem, a person is ever reluctant to let family members near their technological communication devices and also withdraw from spending more time with friends and relatives. Additionally, there is a change in personality and looking for excuses to stay away from learning institutions or work. Alternatively, a psychology profession can use these research findings in a professional setting to assist cyberbullying victims. It could be done through counseling, going through therapy that would help the adolescent to overcome their distresses. By doing so, the rate of suicidal deaths and immorality among the youths will reduce (Valkenburg Jochen., 2011). Conclusion Definitively, regarding the research study, it affects the lifespan development concept of Erikson psychosocial theory. Reason being, all the eight stages that are highlighted in this theory must be complete efficiently. They include trust and mistrust, shame and autonomy, guilt and initiative, inferiority and industry, role confusion and ego identity, isolation and intimacy, stagnation and generativity, despair and ego integrity. Completion of all the stages leads to the increased chances of solving crises among individuals. Erikson terms these crises as psychosocial in nature because they involve a person’s psychosocial needs. With all these said and done, cyberbullying affects the psychosocial growth of adolescents by victimization, making wrong decisions and changing their personalities. Therefore, this deduction sums up to the fact that the youth’s personality is affected by cyberbullying thus could lead to low self-esteem.

The Culture Of The Cold War - 893 Words

The novel, The Culture of the Cold War, is the all about the cold war and how that time period effected America in the 1960s. It talks about how the Cold War era haunted America with constant threats, and the talk of communism all across the nation. The author of the book, Stephen J. Whitfield, described that the Cold War gave the nation an identity crisis and that suspicion started to arise. The novel is very descriptive on that topic and elaborates on certain ideologies during that time. The novel starts off talking about the culture of America in the 1940s to 1950s and how the American culture was distorted. It was distorted through Communism, ideological politics and brought out fears in the American society. Stephen believed that communism was the biggest fear in society and he exclaims â€Å"Indeed, the system that the Bolsheviks had created in the Soviet Union and had imposed beyond their borders was even more hideous in its devastation of human values than many of its vocal opponents in the 1950s realized† (). The way that Communism was set up was unfair to the people and the fact that it could spread out to other countries was a big concern for America. The U.S. thought that Communism could become something as sinister as Nazism and that it could overtake multiple places. Also, when the Soviets started to gain more military firepower, the U.S. thought that the lack of change in political systems could lead to a nuclear warfare and could possibly cause a nuclear fallout.Show MoreRelatedThe Cold War On American Culture Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War was a pivotal time in American history. To a greater degree than most other wars, the Cold War affected American society in unfathomable and profound ways. More specifically, American culture transformed immensely during this time. From a constant state of anxiety, to changes in media and the arts, to McCarthyism; the Cold War fervently affected the quality of life, personal expression, a nd American politics. Predominantly, the Cold War inflicted fear and apprehension within the AmericanRead MoreThe Culture of the Cold War Essay3260 Words   |  14 PagesThe Culture of the Cold War After world war one peace looked inevitable. Everyone was wrong about this because a few years later world war two erupted. This great war was supposed to be the war to end all wars. In this war it was crystal clear who was the good side and who was the bad side. Almost everyone figured that if the bad side was defeated then peace couldn’t possibly escape us again. We defeated the evil Axis powers, but of course another serpent would rear its ugly head from behindRead MoreCold War Influences on American Culture, Politics, and Economics2221 Words   |  9 PagesFollowing World War II, Europe was in ruins. Between bomb damage, economic downturn, and natural disasters such as droughts and blizzards it seemed nearly impossible to restore Europe to its prior greatness. America facilitated the recovery of Europe with military and financial aid and helped prevent the spread of communism. This aid crushed the Soviet dream of a communist Europe and started the Cold War. Over the next 45 years, the United States and the Soviet Union would resemble two angry womenRead More1980s Political Culture: The Cold War and Mutual Assured Destruction1002 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿1980s Political Culture: The Cold War and Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) 1980s Political Culture Figure 1. Nena, 99 Luftballons (1983) / 99 Red Balloons (1984) A dance-rock protest song from West Germany, during the Cold War partition of Germany. The song describes a nuclear war starting because of misinterpreted signals from a bunch of balloons. Audio available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UEWHItzvQHk Lyrics: You and I in a little toy shop Buy a bag of balloons with theRead MoreHow Did Cold War Affect Popular Culture1415 Words   |  6 PagesVIETNAMESE BOAT PEOPLE April 27th, 1975, North Vietnamese soldiers had finally reached the outskirt of the southern capital, Saigon. The war in Viet Nam that lasted 20 years is about to come to an end with communism taking over. It was all over, Saigon was surrounded by North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops. Presiden Nguyen Van Thieu resigned as president and gave his farewell speech and denounced the United States for failing in aiding the South before the North would later come into the cityRead MoreCommunism and Popular Culture Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesTTP9 Pop Culture as History: The War Comes Home After World War II, the United States faced a malevolent philosophical dispute that had spread from within itself. Chapter nine in Thinking Through the Past is titled â€Å"Pop Culture as History: The War Comes Home† because it identifies America’s disposition over the subject of communism during the Cold War era. Historian Stephen J. Whitfield writes his secondary source entitled, â€Å"The Culture of the Cold War† which presents a detailed analysis pertainingRead MoreTelevision Role in Preserving American Values During the Cold War1715 Words   |  7 Pages- Television Role In Preserving American Values During The Cold War After World War II, technology was advancing and converting from military orientation to more consumer based companies. One of the new technology devices that were introduced to American consumers was television. American television in the 1940’s and 1950’s became a link marvel between Americans, podcasting news, shows, and movies. American television during the 1940’s and the 1950’s played a major ruleRead MoreThe Battle Of The Cold War1221 Words   |  5 Pageschange. Fresh off of the economic and political victory that was World War II for the United States, The Soviet Union sent a challenge to the U.S that set up one of the biggest, and potentially apocalyptic stand-offs in history. The Cold War, the great stand off between the Americans and the Soviets lasted from 1947 to about 1991 according to Major Problems in American History Since 1945. This Cold War would change the culture in the United States forever, stamping it’s air of al ertness and terrorRead MoreThe Cold War On Europe1282 Words   |  6 PagesTHE COLD WAR IN EUROPE Soon after the end of the World War Two (WW II), a new period of tensions began in the world with once again Europe at the very heart of the tensions. It was the Cold War. It â€Å"was a state of political and military tension between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact). It â€Å"split the temporary wartime alliance against Nazi Germany, leaving the Union of SovietRead MoreWwii And The Cold War875 Words   |  4 PagesWWII and the Cold War were two very important wars in the history of the world. 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Development Studies free essay sample

This essay is aimed at comparing and contrasting structural functionalism with the Marxist and the noe-marxist theories to social change, how they best describe social change in less developed countries; in this case Zambia. The paper is to also outline the relevance of the two approaches and come up with one that offers the best approach as in the case of Zambia. Social change refers to the structural transformation of political, social, cultural, and economic systems and institutions to create a more stable society. It can also be defined as change in social structure, the nature of the institutions, social behavior or the social relations of the society or community of people. When behavior pattern changes in large numbers and is visible and sustained, it results in social change. Once there is deviance from culturally inherited values, rebellion against the established system may result causing change in social order, any event or action that affects a group of individuals who have shared values of characteristics (Herman, Nancy J and Reynolds, Larry T: 1994). Structural functionalism is defined as a sociological theory that originally attempted to explain social institutions as collective means to meet individual biological needs ( Giddens, 2006). Structural functionalism to sociological analysis is basically an equilibrium theory. The system is said to be in equilibrium when its component parts are so compatible with each other, denying an outside disturbance, none of them will change its position or relation to others in any significant way. An equilibrium system is said to be stable when a slight change in external conditions creates internal variations whose own effects is equal and opposite to the initial disturbance, thereby moving the system back to its former position of rest. It is said to be unstable when the initial disturbance creates movement that feeds on its relationships, thereby displacing the system further from its original position of rest (Davies, K:1959). Structural functionalism can also be defined as a sociological paradigm which addresses social functions and various elements of the social system perform in regard to the entire system. Social structures are stressed and placed at the centre of analysis and social functions are deduced from these structures(ibid). Functionalist believe that one can compare society to a living organism, in that both society and a living organism are made up of interdependent working parts and systems that must function. Functionalists say that the different parts of society e. g family, education, religion, law and order, media etc. have to be seen in terms of contribution that they make to the functioning of the whole society. This organism analogy sees the different parts of society working together to form a social system in the same way that the different parts of an organism form a cohesive functioning entity. In relation to the case of Zambia, structural functionalism is relevant in understanding social change. It is relevant in that it provides general guidelines for behavior in terms of norms. These institutions of society such as family, religion, the economy, law and order, the educational and political systems are major aspects of social structure. A practical example of an institution that is relevant in Zambia is a family. According to Glencoe (1995;114), the family is the first social world a child encounters, and members are the mirror in which children begin to see themselves. It is the first group whose norms and values children adopt as their own and refer to in evaluating behavior. Historical analysis also demonstrates that across time, the family has provided many important functions for society. Functionalists believe that mass formal education is an essential part of an industrial society, and that expansion of industrial society, and that expansion of the industrial economies brings a corresponding expansion in the education system, they also see the introduction of mass education as a response to the increasing demand of the industry. Educational institutions such as colleges, Universities and schools in Zambia help in the development process of Zambian society. Glencoe (1995:118) adds that in modern society, school is a primary agent for weaning children from home and introducing them to the larger society. He further adds that educational institutions have rules and regulations to control those in there hence not only educating them but giving and teaching them rules that will help them live better lives in society. The mass media is one institution that is also very vital. The forms that reach large numbers of people in form of, Television, radio, and books are all important in that they contribute in being a watch dog, a channel of communication, an educative means and ways in which people express themselves (ibid). Another example of social change is technology influx in recent years such as email, cell phones and online social networks. Each part of the institutions mentioned and listed does something to serve a function or purpose in the Zambia social change. People who employ functionalism view society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system. The theory of belongs to a board theories that are referred to as radical theories of development. The theories are further explained in terms of materialism which are dialectical and historical. By materialism Karl Marx meant that the economic structure of society was the foundation or basis on which the whole society is built (Andropove, V: 1983). In Marxist theories, the division of society into classes is determined by the position within the process of production. Economic development gives rise to these classes and assumes different relationships to the process of production. Marxism hence is the name given to the body of ideas, which in their totality provide a fully worked out theoretical basis for the struggle of the working class to attain a higher form of human society (ibid). Class consciousness consists of the appropriate and rational reactions imputed to a particular typical position in the process of production. This consciousness is therefore, neither the sum nor the average of what is thought or felt by the single individuals who make up the class. The historical significant actions of the class as a whole are determined in the last resort by this consciousness and not by the thoughts of the individual. These actions can be understood only by reference to this consciousness (Klaus, W:1989). Karl Marx and Engels state 5 stages in which a human society has to pass through in order for it to develop. These include primitive, feudalism, capitalism, socialism and communism. Primitive society is the first stage of development of human society and arises from the differentiation of man from the animal kingdom (Popkin, H. R: 1986). Feudalism is the second stage of social development according to Marxism. At this stage, the land lords and nobles comprised of dominant classes and the peasants or serfs that belonged to the exploited class. Capitalism is the third stage and it involves the private ownership of the means of production. In capitalism, there is an emergence of two classes, that is, the bourgeoisies as the owners of capital and the proletariat as the working class (Johari, J: 1989). Socialism is the fourth stage under Marxism. In socialism, the state has an important role to play on the part of resource allocation. The state is responsible to ensure that all members of society have equal and equitable access to resources. The last stage is Communism according to Marxism. A communist society is one having neither class nor state and all resources in society are equally and equitably distributed. A Communist state can be referred to as a workers paradise. The neo-Marxists on the other hand, after seeing the failure of working-class revolutions in Western Europe after World War I, chose the parts of Marxs thought that might clarify social conditions that were not present when Marx was alive. They filled in what they perceived to be omissions in Marxism with ideas from other schools of thought. Neo-Marxists view class divisions under capitalism as more important than gender/sex divisions or issues of race and ethnicity. Neo-Marxism encompasses a group of beliefs that have in common rejection of economic or class determinism and a belief in at least the semiautonomy of the social sphere. From the above information provided, it can be deduced that despite Marxism, and Neo-Marxism and the Structural functionalism having different approaches to social change, they both place an emphasis on the importance of society in which all the members benefit and the how the society develops as it improves on the living conditions of its people. Both Marxism, and Neo-Marxist and Structural functionalism emphasize that inequality should exist in order for social change to take place. In Marxism bourgeoisie pay the proletariat low wages for their labour. Structural functionalists state that wages must be given to workers in order for them to carry out their work of which in most cases tend to be low. They also emphasize on the need of the use of force in the process of social change. In the Marxist theory, serfs are treated like slaves in that they are forced to do hard work by the land lords despite low wages. Force is used to control the serfs. In structural functionalism, people who go against the norms, values and rules governing a society are to be punished by some administration of justice. In both Marxist, and Neo-Marxist and Structural functionalism, members of society have roles to play in order for society to develop and progress. This means that individuals are significant not only in themselves but also in terms of their position in patterns of social relations. One of the differences between Marxist, Neo-Marxist and the Structural functionalism is that in Marxism, social change occurs revolutionary while as for structural functionalism, social change occurs evolutionary without conflicts. Marxism holds the belief that in order for social change to take place, conflicts hould exist in order for society to progress. Unlike structural functionalism, Marxism emphasizes on formation of a society comprised of classes. The classes include the serfs and the land lords in feudalism, the proletariat and the bourgeoisies in capitalism. Structural functionalism emphasizes on different parts of society such institutions and organizations working together in order for society to survive while Marxism and Neo-Marxism states that members of society function for their survival and not necessarily for society, for example; the bourgeoisie and the proletariat in capitalism. Unlike Marxism, structural functionalism does not contain a sense of agency that individuals are seen as puppets only acting as society requires and the most sophisticated forms of functionalism are based on highly developed concept of actions. In conclusion, structural functionalism better explains achievement of social change in less developed countries like Zambia as compared to the Marxist and Neo-Marxist theories to social change, the Marxist and Neo-Marxist do not offer a valid explanation in the case of Zambia because they advocated for socialism as the ultimate solution towards betterment of society. Structural functionalism may hence be feasible as in the case of the Zambian situation. However, it does not apply to the present day situation because it was used to explain economic situations in most developed countries which can not apply in the case of the Zambian situation. I This essay is aimed at comparing and contrasting structural functionalism with the Marxist and the noe-marxist theories to social change, how they best describe social change in less developed countries; in this case Zambia. The paper is to also outline the relevance of the two approaches and come up with one that offers the best approach as in the case of Zambia. Social change refers to the structural transformation of political, social, cultural, and economic systems and institutions to create a more stable society. It can also be defined as change in social structure, the nature of the institutions, social behavior or the social relations of the society or community of people. When behavior pattern changes in large numbers and is isible and sustained, it results in social change. Once there is deviance from culturally inherited values, rebellion against the established system may result causing change in social order, any event or action that affects a group of individuals who have shared values of characteristics (Herman, Nancy J and Reynolds, Larry T: 1994). Structural functionalism is defined as a sociological theory that originally attempted to explain social institutions as collective means to me et individual biological needs ( Giddens, 2006). Structural functionalism to sociological analysis is basically an equilibrium theory. The system is said to be in equilibrium when its component parts are so compatible with each other, denying an outside disturbance, none of them will change its position or relation to others in any significant way. An equilibrium system is said to be stable when a slight change in external conditions creates internal variations whose own effects is equal and opposite to the initial disturbance, thereby moving the system back to its former position of rest. It is said to be unstable when the initial disturbance creates movement that feeds on its relationships, thereby displacing the system further from its original position of rest (Davies, K:1959). Structural functionalism can also be defined as a sociological paradigm which addresses social functions and various elements of the social system perform in regard to the entire system. Social structures are stressed and placed at the centre of analysis and social functions are deduced from these structures(ibid). Functionalist believe that one can compare society to a living organism, in that both society and a living organism are made up of interdependent working parts and systems that must function. Functionalists say that the different parts of society e. g family, education, religion, law and order, media etc. have to be seen in terms of contribution that they make to the functioning of the whole society. This organism analogy sees the different parts of society working together to form a social system in the same way that the different parts of an organism form a cohesive functioning entity. In relation to the case of Zambia, structural functionalism is relevant in understanding social change. It is relevant in that it provides general guidelines for behavior in terms of norms. These institutions of society such as family, religion, the economy, law and order, the educational and political systems are major aspects of social structure. A practical example of an institution that is relevant in Zambia is a family. According to Glencoe (1995;114), the family is the first social world a child encounters, and members are the mirror in which children begin to see themselves. It is the first group whose norms and values children adopt as their own and refer to in evaluating behavior. Historical analysis also demonstrates that across time, the family has provided many important functions for society. Functionalists believe that mass formal education is an essential part of an industrial society, and that expansion of industrial society, and that expansion of the industrial economies brings a corresponding expansion in the education system, they also see the introduction of mass education as a response to the increasing demand of the industry. Educational institutions such as colleges, Universities and schools in Zambia help in the development process of Zambian society. Glencoe (1995:118) adds that in modern society, school is a primary agent for weaning children from home and introducing them to the larger society. He further adds that educational institutions have rules and regulations to control those in there hence not only educating them but giving and teaching them rules that will help them live better lives in society. The mass media is one institution that is also very vital. The forms that reach large numbers of people in form of, Television, radio, and books are all important in that they contribute in being a watch dog, a channel of communication, an educative means and ways in which people express themselves (ibid). Another example of social change is technology influx in recent years such as email, cell phones and online social networks. Each part of the institutions mentioned and listed does something to serve a function or purpose in the Zambia social change. People who employ functionalism view society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system. The theory of belongs to a board theories that are referred to as radical theories of development. The theories are further explained in terms of materialism which are dialectical and historical. By materialism Karl Marx meant that the economic structure of society was the foundation or basis on which the whole society is built (Andropove, V: 1983). In Marxist theories, the division of society into classes is determined by the position within the process of production. Economic development gives rise to these classes and assumes different relationships to the process of production. Marxism hence is the name given to the body of ideas, which in their totality provide a fully worked out theoretical basis for the struggle of the working class to attain a higher form of human society (ibid). Class consciousness consists of the appropriate and rational reactions imputed to a particular typical position in the process of production. This consciousness is therefore, neither the sum nor the average of what is thought or felt by the single individuals who make up the class. The historical significant actions of the class as a whole are determined in the last resort by this consciousness and not by the thoughts of the individual. These actions can be understood only by reference to this consciousness (Klaus, W:1989). Karl Marx and Engels state 5 stages in which a human society has to pass through in order for it to develop. These include primitive, feudalism, capitalism, socialism and communism. Primitive society is the first stage of development of human society and arises from the differentiation of man from the animal kingdom (Popkin, H. R: 1986). Feudalism is the second stage of social development according to Marxism. At this stage, the land lords and nobles comprised of dominant classes and the peasants or serfs that belonged to the exploited class. Capitalism is the third stage and it involves the private ownership of the means of production. In capitalism, there is an emergence of two classes, that is, the bourgeoisies as the owners of capital and the proletariat as the working class (Johari, J: 1989). Socialism is the fourth stage under Marxism. In socialism, the state has an important role to play on the part of resource allocation. The state is responsible to ensure that all members of society have equal and equitable access to resources. The last stage is Communism according to Marxism. A communist society is one having neither class nor state and all resources in society are equally and equitably distributed. A Communist state can be referred to as a workers paradise. The neo-Marxists on the other hand, after seeing the failure of working-class revolutions in Western Europe after World War I, chose the parts of Marxs thought that might clarify social conditions that were not present when Marx was alive. They filled in what they perceived to be omissions in Marxism with ideas from other schools of thought. Neo-Marxists view class divisions under capitalism as more important than gender/sex divisions or issues of race and ethnicity. Neo-Marxism encompasses a group of beliefs that have in common rejection of economic or class determinism nd a belief in at least the semiautonomy of the social sphere. From the above information provided, it can be deduced that despite Marxism, and Neo-Marxism and the Structural functionalism having different approaches to social change, they both place an emphasis on the importance of society in which all the members benefit and the how the society develops as it improves on the living conditions of its people. Both Ma rxism, and Neo-Marxist and Structural functionalism emphasize that inequality should exist in order for social change to take place. In Marxism bourgeoisie pay the proletariat low wages for their labour. Structural functionalists state that wages must be given to workers in order for them to carry out their work of which in most cases tend to be low. They also emphasize on the need of the use of force in the process of social change. In the Marxist theory, serfs are treated like slaves in that they are forced to do hard work by the land lords despite low wages. Force is used to control the serfs. In structural functionalism, people who go against the norms, values and rules governing a society are to be punished by some administration of justice. In both Marxist, and Neo-Marxist and Structural functionalism, members of society have roles to play in order for society to develop and progress. This means that individuals are significant not only in themselves but also in terms of their position in patterns of social relations. One of the differences between Marxist, Neo-Marxist and the Structural functionalism is that in Marxism, social change occurs revolutionary while as for structural functionalism, social change occurs evolutionary without conflicts. Marxism holds the belief that in order for social change to take place, conflicts should exist in order for society to progress. Unlike structural functionalism, Marxism emphasizes on formation of a society comprised of classes. The classes include the serfs and the land lords in feudalism, the proletariat and the bourgeoisies in capitalism. Structural functionalism emphasizes on different parts of society such institutions and organizations working together in order for society to survive while Marxism and Neo-Marxism states that members of society function for their survival and not necessarily for society, for example; the bourgeoisie and the proletariat in capitalism. Unlike Marxism, structural functionalism does not contain a sense of agency that individuals are seen as puppets only acting as society requires and the most sophisticated forms of functionalism are based on highly developed concept of actions. In conclusion, structural functionalism better explains achievement of social change in less developed countries like Zambia as compared to the Marxist and Neo-Marxist theories to social change, the Marxist and Neo-Marxist do not offer a valid explanation in the case of Zambia because they advocated for socialism as the ultimate solution towards betterment of society. Structural functionalism may hence be feasible as in the case of the Zambian situation. However, it does not apply to the present day situation because it was used to explain economic situations in most developed countries which can not apply in the case of the Zambian situation. I This essay is aimed at comparing and contrasting structural functionalism with the Marxist and the noe-marxist theories to social change, how they best describe social change in less developed countries; in this case Zambia. The paper is to also outline the relevance of the two approaches and come up with one that offers the best approach as in the case of Zambia. Social change refers to the structural transformation of political, social, cultural, and economic systems and institutions to create a more stable society. It can also be defined as change in social structure, the nature of the institutions, social behavior or the social relations of the society or community of people. When behavior pattern changes in large numbers and is visible and sustained, it results in social change. Once there is deviance from culturally inherited values, rebellion against the established system may result causing change in social order, any event or action that affects a group of individuals who have shared values of characteristics (Herman, Nancy J and Reynolds, Larry T: 1994). Structural functionalism is defined as a sociological theory that originally attempted to explain social institutions as collective means to meet individual biological needs ( Giddens, 2006). Structural functionalism to sociological analysis is basically an equilibrium theory. The system is said to be in equilibrium when its component parts are so compatible with each other, denying an outside disturbance, none of them will change its position or relation to others in any significant way. An equilibrium system is said to be stable when a slight change in external conditions creates internal variations whose own effects is equal and opposite to the initial disturbance, thereby moving the system back to its former position of rest. It is said to be unstable when the initial disturbance creates movement that feeds on its relationships, thereby displacing the system further from its original position of rest (Davies, K:1959). Structural functionalism can also be defined as a sociological paradigm which addresses social functions and various elements of the social system perform in regard to the entire system. Social structures are stressed and placed at the centre of analysis and social functions are deduced from these structures(ibid). Functionalist believe that one can compare society to a living organism, in that both society and a living organism are made up of interdependent working parts and systems that must function. Functionalists say that the different parts of society e. g family, education, religion, law and order, media etc. have to be seen in terms of contribution that they make to the functioning of the whole society. This organism analogy sees the different parts of society working together to form a social system in the same way that the different parts of an organism form a cohesive functioning entity. In relation to the case of Zambia, structural functionalism is relevant in understanding social change. It is relevant in that it provides general guidelines for behavior in terms of norms. These institutions of society such as family, religion, the economy, law and order, the educational and political systems are major aspects of social structure. A practical example of an institution that is relevant in Zambia is a family. According to Glencoe (1995;114), the family is the first social world a child encounters, and members are the mirror in which children begin to see themselves. It is the first group whose norms and values children adopt as their own and refer to in evaluating behavior. Historical analysis also demonstrates that across time, the family has provided many important functions for society. Functionalists believe that mass formal education is an essential part of an industrial society, and that expansion of industrial society, and that expansion of the industrial economies brings a corresponding expansion in the education system, they also see the introduction of mass education as a esponse to the increasing demand of the industry. Educational institutions such as colleges, Universities and schools in Zambia help in the development process of Zambian society. Glencoe (1995:118) adds that in modern society, school is a primary agent for weaning children from home and introducing them to the larger society. He further adds that educational institutions have rules and regulations to control those in there hence not only educating them but giving and teaching them rules that will help them live better lives in society. The mass media is one institution that is also very vital. The forms that reach large numbers of people in form of, Television, radio, and books are all important in that they contribute in being a watch dog, a channel of communication, an educative means and ways in which people express themselves (ibid). Another example of social change is technology influx in recent years such as email, cell phones and online social networks. Each part of the institutions mentioned and listed does something to serve a function or purpose in the Zambia social change. People who employ functionalism view society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system. The theory of belongs to a board theories that are referred to as radical theories of development. The theories are further explained in terms of materialism which are dialectical and historical. By materialism Karl Marx meant that the economic structure of society was the foundation or basis on which the whole society is built (Andropove, V: 1983). In Marxist theories, the division of society into classes is determined by the position within the process of production. Economic development gives rise to these classes and assumes different relationships to the process of production. Marxism hence is the name given to the body of ideas, which in their totality provide a fully worked out theoretical basis for the struggle of the working class to attain a higher form of human society (ibid). Class consciousness consists of the appropriate and rational reactions imputed to a particular typical position in the process of production. This consciousness is therefore, neither the sum nor the average of what is thought or felt by the single individuals who make up the class. The historical significant actions of the class as a whole are determined in the last resort by this consciousness and not by the thoughts of the individual. These actions can be understood only by reference to this consciousness (Klaus, W:1989). Karl Marx and Engels state 5 stages in which a human society has to pass through in order for it to develop. These include primitive, feudalism, capitalism, socialism and communism. Primitive society is the first stage of development of human society and arises from the differentiation of man from the animal kingdom (Popkin, H. R: 1986). Feudalism is the second stage of social development according to Marxism. At this stage, the land lords and nobles comprised of dominant classes and the peasants or serfs that belonged to the exploited class. Capitalism is the third stage and it involves the private ownership of the means of production. In capitalism, there is an emergence of two classes, that is, the bourgeoisies as the owners of capital and the proletariat as the working class (Johari, J: 1989). Socialism is the fourth stage under Marxism. In socialism, the state has an important role to play on the part of resource allocation. The state is responsible to ensure that all members of society have equal and equitable access to resources. The last stage is Communism according to Marxism. A communist society is one having neither class nor state and all resources in society are equally and equitably distributed. A Communist state can be referred to as a workers paradise. The neo-Marxists on the other hand, after seeing the failure of working-class revolutions in Western Europe after World War I, chose the parts of Marxs thought that might clarify social conditions that were not present when Marx was alive. They filled in what they perceived to be omissions in Marxism with ideas from other schools of thought. Neo-Marxists view class divisions under capitalism as more important than gender/sex divisions or issues of race and ethnicity. Neo-Marxism encompasses a group of beliefs that have in common rejection of economic or class determinism and a belief in at least the semiautonomy of the social sphere. From the above information provided, it can be deduced that despite Marxism, and Neo-Marxism and the Structural functionalism having different approaches to social change, they both place an emphasis on the importance of society in which all the members benefit and the how the society develops as it improves on the living conditions of its people. Both Marxism, and Neo-Marxist and Structural functionalism emphasize that inequality should exist in order for social change to take place. In Marxism bourgeoisie pay the proletariat low wages for their labour. Structural functionalists state that wages must be given to workers in order for them to carry out their work of which in most cases tend to be low. They also emphasize on the need of the use of force in the process of social change. In the Marxist theory, serfs are treated like slaves in that they are forced to do hard work by the land lords despite low wages. Force is used to control the serfs. In structural functionalism, people who go against the norms, values and rules governing a society are to be punished by some administration of justice. In both Marxist, and Neo-Marxist and Structural functionalism, members of society have roles to play in order for society to develop and progress. This means that individuals are significant not only in themselves but also in terms of their position in patterns of social relations. One of the differences between Marxist, Neo-Marxist and the Structural functionalism is that in Marxism, social change occurs revolutionary while as for structural functionalism, social change occurs evolutionary without conflicts. Marxism holds the belief that in order for social change to take place, conflicts should exist in order for society to progress. Unlike structural functionalism, Marxism emphasizes on formation of a society comprised of classes. The classes include the serfs and the land lords in feudalism, the proletariat and the bourgeoisies in capitalism. Structural functionalism emphasizes on different parts of society such institutions and organizations working together in order for society to survive while Marxism and Neo-Marxism states that members of society function for their survival and not necessarily for society, for example; the bourgeoisie and the proletariat in capitalism. Unlike Marxism, structural functionalism does not contain a sense of agency that individuals are seen as puppets only acting as society requires and the most sophisticated forms of functionalism are based on highly developed concept of actions. In conclusion, structural functionalism better explains achievement of social change in less developed countries like Zambia as compared to the Marxist and Neo-Marxist theories to social change, the Marxist and Neo-Marxist do not offer a valid explanation in the case of Zambia because they advocated for socialism as the ultimate solution towards betterment of society. Structural functionalism may hence be feasible as in the case of the Zambian situation. However, it does not apply to the present day situation because it was used to explain economic situations in most developed countries which can not apply in the case of the Zambian situation. I BIBLIOGRAPHY Andropove, V. (1983) Karl Marx and Our Time, Progress Publishers, Moscow. Davies, K. (1959) The Myth of Functional Analysis as a Special Method in Sociology and Anthropology. American Social Review. Herman, Nancy J. and Reynolds, Larry T. 994. Symbolic Interaction: An Introduction to Social Psychology. Altamira Press Johari, J. (1989) Principles of Modern Political Science. New York Publishers, New York. Klaus, W. (1989) Beyond Political Independence. New York Publishers, New York. Popkin, H. R (1986) Philosophy Made Simple, Oxford Press, Oxford. This essay is aimed at comparing and contrasting structural functionalism with the Marxist and the noe-marxist theories to social change, how they be st describe social change in less developed countries; in this case Zambia. The paper is to also outline the relevance of the two approaches and come up with one that offers the best approach as in the case of Zambia. Social change refers to the structural transformation of political, social, cultural, and economic systems and institutions to create a more stable society. It can also be defined as change in social structure, the nature of the institutions, social behavior or the social relations of the society or community of people. When behavior pattern changes in large numbers and is visible and sustained, it results in social change. Once there is deviance from culturally inherited values, rebellion against the established system may result causing change in social order, any event or action that affects a group of individuals who have shared values of characteristics (Herman, Nancy J and Reynolds, Larry T: 1994). Structural functionalism is defined as a sociological theory that originally attempted to explain social institutions as collective means to meet individual biological needs ( Giddens, 2006). Structural functionalism to sociological analysis is basically an equilibrium theory. The system is said to be in equilibrium when its component parts are so compatible with each other, denying an outside disturbance, none of them will change its position or relation to others in any significant way. An equilibrium system is said to be stable when a slight change in external conditions creates internal variations whose own effects is equal and opposite to the initial disturbance, thereby moving the system back to its former position of rest. It is said to be unstable when the initial disturbance creates movement that feeds on its relationships, thereby displacing the system further from its original position of rest (Davies, K:1959). Structural functionalism can also be defined as a sociological paradigm which addresses social functions and various elements of the social system perform in regard to the entire system. Social structures are stressed and placed at the centre of analysis and social functions are deduced from these structures(ibid). Functionalist believe that one can compare society to a living organism, in that both society and a living organism are made up of interdependent working parts and systems that must function. Functionalists say that the different parts of society e. g family, education, religion, law and order, media etc. have to be seen in terms of contribution that they make to the functioning of the whole society. This organism analogy sees the different parts of society working together to form a social system in the same way that the different parts of an organism form a cohesive functioning entity. In relation to the case of Zambia, structural functionalism is relevant in understanding social change. It is relevant in that it provides general guidelines for behavior in terms of norms. These institutions of society such as family, religion, the economy, law and order, the educational and political systems are major aspects of social structure. A practical example of an institution that is relevant in Zambia is a family. According to Glencoe (1995;114), the family is the first social world a child encounters, and members are the mirror in which children begin to see themselves. It is the first group whose norms and values children adopt as their own and refer to in evaluating behavior. Historical analysis also demonstrates that across time, the family has provided many important functions for society. Functionalists believe that mass formal education is an essential part of an industrial society, and that expansion of industrial society, and that expansion of the industrial economies brings a corresponding expansion in the education system, they also see the introduction of mass education as a response to the increasing demand of the industry. Educational institutions such as colleges, Universities and schools in Zambia help in the development process of Zambian society. Glencoe (1995:118) adds that in modern society, school is a primary agent for weaning children from home and introducing them to the larger society. He further adds that educational institutions have rules and regulations to control those in there hence not only educating them but giving and teaching them rules that will help them live better lives in society. The mass media is one institution that is also very vital. The forms that reach large numbers of people in form of, Television, radio, and books are all important in that they contribute in being a watch dog, a channel of communication, an educative means and ways in which people express themselves (ibid). Another example of social change is technology influx in recent years such as email, cell phones and online social networks. Each part of the institutions mentioned and listed does something to serve a function or purpose in the Zambia social change. People who employ functionalism view society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system. The theory of belongs to a board theories that are referred to as radical theories of development. The theories are further explained in terms of materialism which are dialectical and historical. By materialism Karl Marx meant that the economic structure of society was the foundation or basis on which the whole society is built (Andropove, V: 1983). In Marxist theories, the division of society into classes is determined by the position within the process of production. Economic development gives rise to these classes and assumes different relationships to the process of production. Marxism hence is the name given to the body of ideas, which in their totality provide a fully worked out theoretical basis for the struggle of the working class to attain a higher form of human society (ibid). Class consciousness consists of the appropriate and rational reactions imputed to a particular typical position in the process of production. This consciousness is therefore, neither the sum nor the average of what is thought or felt by the single individuals who make up the class. The historical significant actions of the class as a whole are determined in the last resort by this consciousness and not by the thoughts of the individual. These actions can be understood only by reference to this consciousness (Klaus, W:1989). Karl Marx and Engels state 5 stages in which a human society has to pass through in order for it to develop. These include primitive, feudalism, capitalism, socialism and communism. Primitive society is the first stage of development of human society and arises from the differentiation of man from the animal kingdom (Popkin, H. R: 1986). Feudalism is the second stage of social development according to Marxism. At this stage, the land lords and nobles comprised of dominant classes and the peasants or serfs that belonged to the exploited class. Capitalism is the third stage and it involves the private ownership of the means of production. In capitalism, there is an emergence of two classes, that is, the bourgeoisies as the owners of capital and the proletariat as the working class (Johari, J: 1989). Socialism is the fourth stage under Marxism. In socialism, the state has an important role to play on the part of resource allocation. The state is responsible to ensure that all members of society have equal and equitable access to resources. The last stage is Communism according to Marxism. A communist society is one having neither class nor state and all resources in society are equally and equitably distributed. A Communist state can be referred to as a workers paradise. The neo-Marxists on the other hand, after seeing the failure of working-class revolutions in Western Europe after World War I, chose the parts of Marxs thought that might clarify social conditions that were not present when Marx was alive. They filled in what they perceived to be omissions in Marxism with ideas from other schools of thought. Neo-Marxists view class divisions under capitalism as more important than gender/sex divisions or issues of race and ethnicity. Neo-Marxism encompasses a group of beliefs that have in common rejection of economic or class determinism and a belief in at least the semiautonomy of the social sphere. From the above information provided, it can be deduced that despite Marxism, and Neo-Marxism and the Structural functionalism having different approaches to ocial change, they both place an emphasis on the importance of society in which all the members benefit and the how the society develops as it improves on the living conditions of its people. Both Marxism, and Neo-Marxist and Structural functionalism emphasize that inequality should exist in order for social change to take place. In Marxism bourgeoisie pay the proletariat low wages for their labour. Structural functionalists state that wages must be given to workers in order for them to carry out their work of which in most cases tend to be low. They also emphasize on the need of the use of force in the process of social change. In the Marxist theory, serfs are treated like slaves in that they are forced to do hard work by the land lords despite low wages. Force is used to control the serfs. In structural functionalism, people who go against the norms, values and rules governing a society are to be punished by some administration of justice. In both Marxist, and Neo-Marxist and Structural functionalism, members of society have roles to play in order for society to develop and progress. This means that individuals are significant not only in themselves but also in terms of their position in patterns of social relations. One of the differences between Marxist, Neo-Marxist and the Structural functionalism is that in Marxism, social change occurs revolutionary while as for structural functionalism, social change occurs evolutionary without conflicts. Marxism holds the belief that in order for social change to take place, conflicts should exist in order for society to progress. Unlike structural functionalism, Marxism emphasizes on formation of a society comprised of classes. The classes include the serfs and the land lords in feudalism, the proletariat and the bourgeoisies in capitalism. Structural functionalism emphasizes on different parts of society such institutions and organizations working together in order for society to survive while Marxism and Neo-Marxism states that members of society function for their survival and not necessarily for society, for example; the bourgeoisie and the proletariat in capitalism. Unlike Marxism, structural functionalism does not contain a sense of agency that individuals are seen as puppets only acting as society requires and the most sophisticated forms of functionalism are based on highly developed concept of actions. In conclusion, structural functionalism better explains chievement of social change in less developed countries like Zambia as compared to the Marxist and Neo-Marxist theories to social change, the Marxist and Neo-Marxist do not offer a valid explanation in the case of Zambia because they advocated for socialism as the ultimate solution towards betterment of society. Structural functionalism may hence be feasible as in the case of the Zambian situation. However, it does not apply to the present day situation because it was used to explain economic situations in most developed countries which can not apply in the case of the Zambian situation. I BIBLIOGRAPHY Andropove, V. (1983) Karl Marx and Our Time, Progress Publishers, Moscow. Davies, K. (1959) The Myth of Functional Analysis as a Special Method in Sociology and Anthropology. American Social Review. Herman, Nancy J. and Reynolds, Larry T. 1994. Symbolic Interaction: An Introduction to Social Psychology. Altamira Press Johari, J. (1989) Principles of Modern Political Science. New York Publishers, New York. Klaus, W. (1989) Beyond Political Independence. New York Publishers, New York. Popkin, H. R (1986) Philosophy Made Simple, Oxford Press, Oxford.