Child Abuse and Sex Trafficking Essay - 1637 Words

As for myself, I have seen inappropriate situations and first one is that I had seen a man caressing and going to make love with a woman under the bridge at the park while two children at probably under six years old uneasily watched and tried not to watch at same time. Other time was a small child walking to the bus stop with no people and a few blocks on a busy street and finally a man came up to her. That bothers me wondering he is a bad or good person which still haunts me. My problem is I have no cell phone to call or to take picture which is worth a thousand words that led me to wonder how common is child abuse, sex trafficking and what are we dealing with. It is a ongoing worldwide†¦show more content†¦Early marriage between a girl and an adult man is common and still are common in the third world such as India, Central Africa and other countries. Child trafficking is a huge business that makes billions of dollars every year by using children for many different purpo ses. They use children for sexual purposes, labor, to be adopted and even to become a soldier for their group. The cultures influenced the habits to be passed down from generation to next generation and the culture and religious patterns allows the parents to kill their children or abandon them (Trafficking of Children). The child marriage report on National Geographic caught my eye as a wedding of those 5, 10, 13 years old girls at India and it is common practice as often poor parents are offered to sell their daughter to pay off their debts or obligations. There are some arranged marriages by families choice, not the bride or groom and for those daughters who waits are coming from the well to do families that there is no reason for selling off their daughters. The child physical abuse is world wide spread and the principles differ due to the culture and society (Child Brides). Davenport 3 The USA TODAY newspaper reported by Laura Ramirez on the children trafficking and theShow MoreRelatedThe Statistics Of Prevalence For Child Sex Abuse Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe statistics of prevalence for child sex abuse varies because of all the unique cases of child sex abuse that is reported. Although, statistic show that one in three girls will be sexually abused at one point in the United States and boys are one in seven to be sexually abused (Anderson, 2014). Children are not susceptible to crime as shown in the statistics because predators like pedophiles have fetishes towards little boy or girls. One study found that 10% of children experienced or came closeRead MoreChild Pornography And Child Trafficking Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pages000 SEX TRAFFICKING BOOK. More than 80% of these victims are women and girls, and 70 % of them are forced into sexual servitude SEX TRAFFICKING BOOK. When a person obtains children for the purpose of sexual exploitation or child pornography and plan to victimize these children for illegal activities, this is defined as commercial sexual exploitation Commercial Sexual Exploitation Fact Sheet. UNICEF Commercial Sexual Exploitation, which includes child trafficking, child pornography, and child sex tourismRead MoreChild Sex Trafficking877 Words   |  4 PagesWhen some people hear the expression â€Å"child sex trafficking† inevitably unspeakable thoughts come to mind, others are unaware this is even happening. Sex trafficking is a serious criminal issue taking place within the borders of the United States, but on the outside of these boarders this crime stands as a reliable source of income for those who participate. Although child sex trafficking is a local crime it is obvious that multiple nations have different viewpoints on the topic. The problem at handRe ad MoreThe Worlds Oldest Profession1574 Words   |  7 Pageslifestyle. In today’s society, sex sells. There are many factors that are making sex a commodity that can be bought or sold. There is a quote that states â€Å"Prostitution is the world s oldest profession†. Some find this statement true but there are many advocates groups who are fighting to end this profession. In this paper we will explore the history, the business side, the players who are involve in the world of prostitution and how it is related to sex trafficking. Also the different factors thatRead MoreNo More Sex Trafficking?1689 Words   |  7 PagesMore Sex Trafficking Human sex trafficking is an illegal trade that is steadily increasing in the United States. In particular, human trafficking starts with young children. Around the world today, 5.5 million children are victims of trafficking (Bales, Free the Slave). Young children become victims to sex trafficking for many different reasons. How they enter into the system is one issue, but who is there to help them get out is a bigger issue? Children are forced into the sex trafficking systemRead MoreDomestic Minor Sex Trafficking : Prostitution Or Exploitation?1518 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Minor Sex Trafficking: Prostitution or Exploitation? Although the history of child sex trafficking in developing nations has been widely documented, recently research has revealed that minor sex trafficking (also known as child prostitution) is a growing problem within U.S. borders as well. â€Å"Child prostitution is the sexual exploitation of a minor for profit, which can include money, drugs, or other items of value† (Center for Arizona Policy, 2014). The sexual exploitation of minorsRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Trafficking1168 Words   |  5 PagesImagine a small child, who cowers in the corner of a dark room. The child sits there in silence trembling with fear, and all you can hear is your heart beating faster and faster. Above the helpless child stands a creepy looking old man. He is not there to comfort the child, or help them in their time of need, but rather to have sex with the adolescent; or auction them off to other older, creepy looking men. This is a form of what we know today as human trafficking. The traff icking in persons is aRead More Child Trafficking Essays1660 Words   |  7 PagesChild Trafficking â€Å"The global market of child trafficking is at over $12 billion a year with over 2 million child victims† (â€Å"Stop Child Trafficking Now† 1). This statement from the article â€Å"Stop Child Trafficking Now† describes how serious this crisis is nationwide. Child labor, illegal adoptions and child prostitution are the three forms child trafficking typically exists as (â€Å"Riverkids Project† 1). There has been a rising number of Cambodian children being trafficked for sexual exploitationRead MoreVictims of Trafficking Protection Act Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pagessingle piece of legislation that deals with trafficking. Countries should be held accountable if they do not comply. The only way that sex trafficking can be officially over is if every single country complies with all the legislation. The United States looks at six different factors when deciding if they have met the criteria for eliminating trafficking. The United States looks at wheth er the country has investigated and prosecuted severe forms of trafficking, if they protected the victims, educatedRead MoreCambodia: A Place of Countless Struggles1545 Words   |  6 Pageslack of education, abuse, and sexual trafficking consume most of Cambodia, and the government continues to let these issues flourish. One of the most prominent problems Cambodia battles with is the sex industry, with prostitution and trafficking rates skyrocketing. According to recent human trafficking statistics, an immense amount of victims are sexually trafficked and exploited in Cambodia each year, but 80% of victims are young women and girls (Bertone). While sex trafficking affects nearly every

Martin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech - 961 Words

Martin Luther King Jr.’s Historic â€Å"I Have a Dream† Speech Dr. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech was written and delivered on August 28, 1963, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and remains one of the most historically influential and world-changing speeches of all time. Fifty-two years later, this speech is considered to be one of the best persuasive speeches ever delivered. Dr. King is not only attempting to persuade his audience to understand the plight of minorities in the United States, but he is also attempting to encourage a nation to change for the betterment of mankind. Through the effective use of several literary elements, Dr. Martin Luther King’s ‘I Have a Dream’ speech prompted Caucasian Americans to look closer at the country s dismal record of civil rights for black Americans and other minorities. The primary purpose of Dr. King’s eloquent and dramatically delivered speech is that of persuasion. King’s claim is the Negro people are still not free one hundred ye ars after President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation. This warrant is supported by King’s effective emotional appeal to his African American audience. He supports this with the following: but one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free.† This is emotional because after one hundred years of oppression, the African American community has still not achieved their cultural and economic potential according to King. He is endeavoring to persuade his audience, fellow minorities andShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech891 Words   |  4 PagesSince Kindergarten, teachers have been teaching students about Martin Luther King Junior’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. Ever since children have been born, they have celebrated Independence Day by either going to a parade, or shooting fireworks. Although, at these young ages, children don’t quite know the real importance of each of them. Martin Luther King Jr. wanted every huma n being, regardless of their race to be treated fairly or just. Independence Day was the day on July 4, 1776 where fifty-sixRead MoreMartin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech Essay2045 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.† (MLK, I have a Dream) Imagine standing in the crowd when Martin Luther King said this. To have all of your hopes and dreams of equality voiced in such a magnificent way. It spoke to the hearts of the people about the injustices and discrimination that were tearing apart and demeaning a great nation of liberty and justice. The king trulyRead MoreAnalysis of Martin Luther King ´s Speech: I Have a Dream1309 Words   |  6 Pagesthe late 1950’s through the 1960’s, however; Tricia Andryszewski informs her readers that Black Americans had been working for change since before the civil war, but mainly beyond. Some of the most prominent civil rights leaders include Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, Philip Randolph, and Bayard Rustin. The two main goals of the civil rights activists being, equal rights and treatment for all races. As a result, the â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech was written by Martin Luther King, Jr., a manRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech1696 Words   |  7 PagesDr. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech has served as inspiration to multiple generations in the 52 years since his words were spoken. Individuals and groups have rallied behind his message of equality and peace and quoted this speech countless times in an attempt to further Dr. King’s dream of bringing racial injustice to an end. In this speech, which was delivered as the culmination of the March for Jobs in 1962, Dr. King addressed nearly 250,000 people to bring awareness to the injusticesRead MoreMartin Luther King s I H ave A Dream Speech Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter†, wisely said by Martin Luther King Jr. We live in the 21st century, a century where people thought we would be all unicorns and rainbows; people thought wrong. We live in a world where parents not only worry about the future of their kids, but also if their kids were coming back home that night. We live in a world where people are mocked for their differences instead of being embraced. We live in a world where your appearanceRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s I Have A Dream Speech1480 Words   |  6 PagesRights Movement, Martin Luther King Jr s I Have A Dream speech was broadcasted across the nation and heard by millions of Americans on August 28, 1963. Throughout the decades, many have promoted the importance of racial equality in America. Leaders such as William J. Clinton, Barack Obama, and George W. Bush have contributed to modern social movements by, doing as Dr. King himself, giving speeches to varying audiences concerning the issue of racial inequality. Above all, Martin Luther King Jr made theRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech Essay1756 Words   |  8 PagesA Primitive Action In Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream Speech, he states â€Å"I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character†, this appeal to the emotions that judging based on a person’s race is wrong. For this reason altering affirmative action in higher education admission will be discussed since it creates a perpetual racial preference in admission. Affirmative action is controversial due to its issue of whether today’s generationRead MoreObservations On The s I Have A Dream Speech By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.881 Words   |  4 Pages5 years ago, Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his I Have a Dream Speech on the Washington Mall 47 years ago, and Mother Teresa was born a century ago. Monday: Katrina; Tuesday: I Have a Dream; Today: Mother Teresa After spending a great deal of time on and devoting a good deal of space to the two previous subjects in this series on recent anniversaries, 2005 s devastating Hurricane Katrina and the world-changing 1963 I Have a Dream speech by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., I had looked forwardRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.s I Have a Dream Speech Essay1988 Words   |  8 PagesFigures of Speech, (4) Logos: Nobile Diction, and (5) Logos: Arrangement. Notably, blacks for year’s fought hard to receive equal rights to those whites had. The late 1950s, early 1960s was a turning point for African-Americans with the establishment of the Civil Rights Era. The Civil Rights Era represented a social movement for blacks in hopes of ending racial segregation and discrimination, especially in the Jim Crow Deep South. At the forefront of this movement was Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., whoRead MoreMartin Luther King, Jr.s Speech, I have a Dream, Led to Change in Civil Rights1732 Words   |  7 PagesMarti n Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech on August 28, 1963 led the way for a much needed change in America’s Civil Rights Era. Martin’s life brought about much needed change to allow black people to have equal opportunities. Martin Luther King, Jr. came from a long line of Southern Baptist Preachers. His father and grandfather’s influence led the way for him to also become a Baptist preacher. The man he was came from his strong convictions in the word of God. This gave him the courage and

The Courthouse Hotel & the Role of Supervisor

Question: Case study on explains the Courthouse Hotel, in Australia which is recently facing competition from other competitors in the industry. Answer: Introduction The case study explains the Courthouse Hotel, in Australia which is recently facing competition from other competitors in the industry. To maintain the minimum profit margin the hotel has formulated a strategy based on cost. The hotel was initially a three-starred hotel, which used to maintained a very low cost to deliver services and the overall standard of food and other services were also low (Raju et al. 2013). Recently the hotel is purchased by a well-known business person whose vision is to make it a four star standard by providing the broad range of services. The new owner has formulated a strategy of refurbishment that focuses on the opening of new banquet suite, an a la carte restaurant, a leisure club, a full portering service and extensive lounge operation (Deng et al.2015). The emphasis is given on increasing the interpersonal skill of the staff to enhance the overall standard of service delivery. A recent survey has revealed that the extent of trade will increase by 60% so keeping pace with it Courthouse should standardize its services to serve wealthier and international customers worldwide. Consequently, a new opportunity has come when a government has announced that it will host one of the largest intergovernmental events in the city. It is given the responsibility to Courthouse Hotel to serve the German delegates. The report highlights the leadership style and skill that is required by the supervisor to manage the entire event successfully and how the supervisor can motivate the staff to achieve the performance standard. The case study further elaborates the supervisors technical, conceptual, personal and people management skill to handle the entire situation and the areas where the requirement is required. Moreover, it highlights how the supervisor co-ordinates with the staff to deliver excellent services and the strategy that the supervisor has taken to improve the security system and the overall performance of the staff (Khan et al.2014). Th e supervisor has shown co-ordination with the staffs, excellent problem-solving skill and decision making ability to make the event successful. a,The main issues the supervisor will address before the German delegations visit The Government has arranged a big conference in the city, and each hotel has given a special commission whereas the Courthouse is allocated to the Germans Chancellors. During the event, all the German politicians, delegates and 75 journalists will stay there for a week in the next summer. So the most important issues that the supervisor will consider the events include the supervisor should give utmost importance to the security system of the delegates so that the entire event runs smoothly and successfully. As a new business person has purchased the hotel and has taken a strategy to make it a four star hotel to offer a broad range of services to the guests (Shih et al.2013). Moreover, the owner should implement the planning for further development of the hotel by opening a new banqueting suite, an a la carte restaurant, a leisure club, a large lounge room, full portering service and a huge room for run the service operation (Solomon 2014). The supervisor is a person who controls the overall operation and the staffs to deliver the service in a best possible way to earn the reputation of the hotel. Since the supervisor involves managing the process, resources, people, and information. Therefore, the planning includes allocating the duties to the staff members and focus on their interpersonal skills to maintain a very high standard of performance (Baptiste et al. 2014). Hence, the planning focuses on setting the goal and objectives Delegation of authority Communicating effectively with the team members Building an efficient team Creating congenial work environment and supportive working relationship Motivating the employees Reduce the conflicts between the group members to deliver high performance Coaching and feedback-intensive programs to train and develop the skill set among the staff members Treating all the team members equally and fairly with dignity Arranging necessary resources and handling them correctly Providing guidance and cooperation to the stuff members Focusing on continuous improvement Facilitating future growth and advancement (Kerzner, 2013) The supervisor has focused the front of house and identifies the main issues that need to be addressed before German delegates visit. The front desk of a hotel is involved in doing two most important task one is effective communication and the other is accounting function. Since communicating with guest, employees, and other department portrays a hospitable image so the supervisor should ensure all the guest queries are resolved with utmost importance. As the current event is concerned, the German delegates are the main important focus therefore a better hospitality will help the hotel to earn appreciation and reputation in the market. Apart from that the supervisor should ensure that the marketing and sales department gets proper information from the front desk on the availability of guest rooms, the housekeeping department queries regarding guest reservations are fulfilled. The accountings functions involve maintain proper data regarding the registered and non-registered guest acco unts. In addition to this, the supervisor should ensure that the front desk should maintain proper billing system, keep records of transactions, and generate itemized bill to show the breakdown of charges to ensure a flawless and accurate system all the times for the convenience of the guests. b, Discuss the skill that the supervisor should demonstrate to run the operation smoothly The supervisor must have certain skill set to run the operation smoothly such as technical skill refers to the efficiency in operating the role, people power includes listening to the employees, establishing proper communication system, handling conflicts, provides cooperation and praising the employees for achieving the desired performance standard and treating the people individually (White 2014). Conceptual skill involves decision making and problem solving capabilities. Personal power means the knowledge regarding the strength and weaknesses of the operation, the supervisors ability to learn from experience and self-analysis and self-evaluation. To achieve the goal, the director should focus on fulfilling the needs and the desires of the guests. Moreover, the director treats every employee with equal consideration and respect and motivates them to provide the best performance (Lussier and Achua 2015). While arranging the events before the visit of German Chancellor, the supervisor should concentrate on the delegation of authority and maintain a very higher standard of cuisine and services to get positive publicity which helps the hotel to increase revenue and get growth in future. The supervisor should arrange proper training to improve their listening skill of front desk, as it is a critical listening center of the hotel and improve the communication by monitoring the way the guest and staffs are involved in interaction ensuring a two-way communication cycle. The supervisor must ensure all the staffs and should have adequate knowledge about the products they are promoting. The supervisor should train the front desk staff in such a way that maximizes the customer delight and satisfaction. Moreover the supervisor should train each front desk staff to listen to the smallest problems and pay utmost attention to resolve it. The front desk should be always very clean and tidy and all the staffs should be well attired to create a better perception and good image to the guests particularly when the clients are international one the supervisor should ensure the proper availability of staffs at front desk all the time with a friendly smile to deliver uninterrupted serv ice all the time. Moreover, the supervisor should demonstrate advancement and skill by implementing a proper reservation system and in-room guest checkout system. The supervisor should focus on Total quality management to improve the entire process. It further emphasizes better delivery of services at front desk. c,Analyze the motivation technique to maximize the performance Motivation refers to the art of making people do the thing that the leader wants them to do as there is reward or appraisal attached to it. Motivation factors refer to Maslow's need hierarchy theory, Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene theory, McClelland's need theory to name few of them (Ma et al. 2012). As far as the motivation theory of Maslow is concerned it comprises of physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness, esteem needs and self-actualization. Whereas Herzberg extended the work of Maslow and invented a new motivation theory known as Herzberg's Motivation-hygiene. Herzberg questions two important things when the employees feel bad about the job when they feel good about it (Pasodi and Ahmed 2015). Serving the German Chancellor acts as a motivational factor for the staff since it is related to gaining publicity and reputation in the hotel industry. If the supervisor achieves success, then the hotel will implement the refurbishment strategy which in term gives the employee good performance appraisal as the result of increasing revenue that the business is getting from the growing business. The supervisor by its excellent leadership style and skill motivate the employees to achieve high-performance standard that is characterized by change in a situation with the new leaders and renovation policy to achieve the four star standard which is further fueled by the arrival of German Chancellor in the hotel will need sound security system and other facilities to ensure the successfully completion of the whole events (John and Taylor 2014). Conclusion The overall report is centered on the hotel Courthouse, which was one of the major three-star hotels in Australia that is striving hard to maintain the minimum profit margin to survive in the hotel industry against the tough competition. The hotel has developed a low cost strategy in delivering the services to the clients at a low cost, and the quality of the services is comparatively low. Then the hotel has undergone major restructuring where it has been taken over by a reputed businessperson who has planned to change the structure of the hotel to make it a four star standard. As the survey reveals 60% increase in the volume of trade, therefore the hotel has planned to take the opportunity to gain more profit by serving more customers. Considering this in mind the new owner has aimed to provide the variety of services with high standard and planned for renovation to attract more customers and to provide better services to them. Moreover, it has designed to utilize the opportunity to serve German politicians and advisors, and if the event meets success, it will undoubtedly help Courthouse to earn positive publicity and fame (Thompson et al. 2013). 2. The steps taken to achieve the required performance level Introduction The case study gives brief information about the luxury hotel Courthouse in Australia. The report focuses on the financial and nonfinancial performance, market competition and leadership style, and role of change management to address the failure of not achieving the performance standard. To make the event successful the Courthouse should use the latest technology to cope up with changes and to increase customer knowledge regarding the various types of products and services and the quality of the services they deliver (Tang et al. 2012). The case study also focuses on the leadership style that can be adopted to fill the gap to make the entire event successful. It also concentrates on the relationship between financial and non-financial performance whereas the implementation of the budget refers to the manager's capability to design a financial plan and implement it in way that will surely help the managers to achieve the goal to minimize cost and earn revenue and therefore the hotel can provide better service to the clients (Chun et al.2013). The non-financial performance includes both customers and the workers ensuring fulfilling the particular requirements and therefore gaining the confidence of the clients. Moreover, the leadership strategy should concentrate on motivating the employees in such a way so that they can go beyond and perform to meet the requirement of the clients and generate maximum value among the customers. Therefore, the leadership style of Courthouse should value employee and motivate them in such a way to deliver high performance and meet the satisfaction level of the customers. The supervisor aims at continuous improvement of the services to achieve target profit and attracts new customers. The study also focused on transformational leadership style to focus on staff and provide training to develop a skill to able to address the issue in a better way. However, the success can be achieved by sending the tangible items like improving the s tructure by implementing renovation and focusing on the intangible things like changing the customer attitudes and behavior by providing more customized services while serving the customers (Choudhary et al. 2013). The actions the supervisor will take to address the situation The supervisor will formulate an action plan to improve the staffing administrative and will focus on the front office reception to gather more information regarding reservation booked and use that data to forecast future demand. To achieve the performance standard in future, the supervisor needs to be more effective and should take the help of questionnaire to get customer feedback which provides information about customers experiences about hotel services, contribute to formulating competitive price lists, the latest amenities and the problems that the customers are facing. All the information is helpful to improve the hotel management operation and to earn revenue for the hotel in future (Kim et al. 2014). The supervisor should arrange the front desk to ensure all the staff members should show empathy with the clients, caring and humble enough to attend the customers. The supervisor will train the all the staff member to go beyond the job description to make the client happy. The staff should focus on the client requirement to be able to come with immediate solution. Moreover the ability to engage the clients in fruitful conversation by delivering a great and personalized experience to the guests is one of the most important responsibilities of front desk which need to be considered and measures taken to improve. The supervisor needs to train the front-end desk staff to be more resourceful, creative, and knowledgeable to resolve all the queries of the customers and to provide better customer service in order to make the event one of the remarkable and successful. Recommended course of action for the supervisor The recommended changes that enable the controller to implement the changes are as follows it has stated the financial and nonfinancial changes that the supervisor must adhere to make the event successful. The director should take the responsibility and formulate a strategy to enhance the quality of the services regarding their execution, to implement new changes and modify the structure to align with the customer requirement (Fan et al.2012). It concentrates on building an efficient admin department to initiate changes like improving the food quality and providing great variety in cuisine. The non-financial aspects are aiming to create the congenial work environment for the staff of the hotel to satisfy the delegates. The supervisor should adopt a survey technique by questionnaires and direct interviewing the workers and customer to find the problem and to come up with a solution and take measure to implement it to enhance the performance. It recommends a collaborative approach and cooperation among the staff and aims to increase the interpersonal skill of the team members to reduce conflicts and achieve excellent skill in executing the service. Moreover, it has recommended a leadership style which focuses on innovation, continuous improvement and . It also initiates the cordial relationship among staffs and focuses on delegation of authority to make the event successful. The supervisor should focus on interpersonal skill of the staffs and communicating with them in such an effective way to resolve the customer problems by inspiring and mentoring them and proper coaching and controlling will help the leader to reduce gap, which increases more employee engagement and customer satisfaction (John and Taylor 2014). Conclusion The organization, therefore, explores new ways to promote the business that gives benefit and satisfies the customers. Retaining the customers requires developing a strategy to improve the services and the product. The hotels that give importance to draw new customers, fulfilling the requirement of the customers are more likely to survive in the long run than those that dont have any commitment and loyalty towards the customers. The supervisor of Courthouse should improve the client service department to ensure good customer service. It has highlighted that by adopting the forecasting method by comparing the data with other hotels gives Courthouse to set a goal for future and to analyze the profit margin for the company. It can help to improve the administration department, budgeting decision to update the facilities for more convenient and customer oriented service (Zuo et al.2012). Reference List Baptiste, S., Carswell, A., McColl, M.A., Polatajko, H. and Pollock, N., 2014.Canadian occupational performance measure (COPM). Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (CAOT). Choudhary, A.I., Akhtar, S.A. and Zaheer, A., 2013. Impact of transformational and servant leadership on organizational performance: A comparative analysis.Journal of business ethics,116(2), pp.433-440. Chun, J.S., Shin, Y., Choi, J.N. and Kim, M.S., 2013. How does corporate ethics contribute to firm financial performance? 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The American Way of Dining Out

Introduction For most Americans, dining out is a favorite pastime. Americans dine out when celebrating an event, when on a date or just to have a new dining experience. But, in the aftermath of the 2007/2008 economic downturn, people are dining out less often, instead preferring to eat at home to save money. This trend is already having a toll on hotels and restaurants. Nevertheless, on average, American’s prefer eating out to eating at home.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The American Way of Dining Out specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A survey by the United States Department of Labor [DoL] found interesting facts about the American’s way of dining out. A significant proportion of the respondents (63 percent) reported having dined out at least once the previous month with 53 percent of them dining out in fast food restaurants, 18 percent in full-service restaurants and 9 percent in other f ood restaurants (DoL Para. 2). What is worrying, however, is that most of the foods consumed away from home tend to be energy rich but less nutritional compared to home prepared foods. Though patrons may not like to eat unhealthy foods, they opt to eat out due to convenience, diverse meals on offer or simply for entertainment reasons. The argument presented in this paper is that, when it comes to eating out, Americans neither base their dietary choices on nutritional quality of the meals nor do they consider their budgetary constraints. Their restaurant choice and frequency of dining out is based on the prospects of entertainment, convenience and a variety of dishes on offer. The Americans’ Restaurant Expenditure Nutritionists advise people to adopt healthy eating habits, which, along with physical exercises guarantee a healthy and quality life. However, it is not clear whether this message and the consumers’ desire for a healthy life influence their eating behavior or dietary choices when eating out. The Department of Labor reports that, on average, the daily energy intake of an American when eating out rose from 18 percent in 1994 to 32 percent in 1996 (Para. 3). This indicates that eating out increases one’s caloric intake significantly. The same survey established that consumer spending on restaurant foods had increased with consumers, in 1996, spending over half of their dietary expenditure on restaurant foods. The rise in the number of consumers eating out implies that dining out is a preferred pastime for most Americans. With regard to food expenditure, the U.S. Department of Labor reported that, on average, in 2010, restaurant spending by each American stood at $2,505 (DoL Para. 5). In comparison, in the previous years, 2009 and 2008, the average restaurant spending was $2,619 and $2,698 respectively (Para. 7). The drop in consumer spending in 2010 is attributed to the 2007/08 economic downturn. Nevertheless, Americans enjoy dining out often as opposed to eating home-cooked meals.Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consumers attribute their eating out habits to public suitability, entertainment value and availability of many dishes in restaurants. However, from the DoL statistics, eating out increases the consumers’ calorie intake, as restaurant foods tend to be calorie-rich but nutritionally deficient. Eating out more often increases one’s body fat level in adults leading to elevated body mass index. It is no wonder eating out has been associated with obesity and overweight especially in adolescents. A survey by Technomic Inc. that interviewed a number of restaurant owners found that most restaurants are not keen on providing healthy foods for their patrons. They do not feel that providing healthy meals would increase the number of customers visiting their establishments. Some held t he opinion that â€Å"most customers’ attitude is ‘when I go out to eat, I want to eat what I want’† (33). Nevertheless, the hotel executives felt that creating consumer awareness about eating healthy would help in the management of obesity. To manage obesity, which has become an epidemic, nutrition educators have employed a number of approaches to promote healthy eating out habits. They educate consumers on nutrition and healthful diets that one can get in restaurants when eating out. They sometimes incorporate aspects of consumers’ preferences, convenience and entertainment when providing the nutrition information to influence their eating behavior. One such campaign technique is the â€Å"5 A Day† program that encourages Americans to eat a minimum of five servings of vegetables/fruits daily (Stewart et al. 522). The â€Å"Power of Choice† program is another example of these programs that aims at educating adolescents to eat healthy and engage in physical activities to stay healthy (Stewart et al. 522). Although these nutrition-education programs have the potential of promoting healthy eating habits among Americans, their impact largely depends on the patrons’ own knowledge on nutrition and whether they apply it when making choices on the type of restaurant or food to eat. Is Eating Out Healthy? The statistics given by the United States Department of Labor show that more Americans prefer eating out to eating at home despite the low nutritional quality of restaurant foods. But, what factors influence Americans to continue to eat out despite the increased health risks associated with fast-foods? From an economic perspective, a consumer’s preference and nutrition knowledge would affect his or her dietary choices. Thus, consumers who have knowledge on the nutritional value of foods would be expected to evaluate restaurant foods before placing an order. Food prices also influence the consumers’ dietary choices.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The American Way of Dining Out specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides income and food prices, the consumers’ demographic characteristics can be used to explain the trends in consumer behavior. In the American context, psychological factors such as attitudes, information, perceptions shape consumer behavior, and by extension, the demand for restaurant foods. In light of this, it is clear that the Americans’ rising demand for restaurant foods is shaped by the desire to eat healthy in a convenient location that provides entertainment value. Thus, when choosing among eating in a restaurant, eating at home and eating in a fast-food cafà ©, an individual will often consider each option’s entertainment value and convenience. Consumers with limited funds and/or time will tend to choose the option that is cheap but offers greater pleasure. The Americans’ way of eating out can be explained using the traditional economic theory. This theory describes how consumers make decisions when they have limited product information at their disposal. The FDA specifies that â€Å"if a restaurant claims that a particular menu item is ‘low in fat’†¦ then this requirement is satisfied by adding: ‘low fat – provides less than 3 grams of fat per serving† (Technomic 8). However, the FDA does not require restaurants to disclose a meal’s specific nutrient content. Therefore, restaurants can choose to give the complete nutrient content of the foods sold or simply provide the mandated information. Nevertheless, if the majority of consumers want menu items with healthy nutrient content, the hotels/restaurants may give the complete nutrition information of the foods sold. As restaurants always compete for customers, marketing themselves as providing healthful foods can give them a competitive advantage. Some popular restaurants voluntarily give complete nutrition information of the foods they sell. A good example is the Subway restaurant, which supplies the caloric content of its popular sandwiches and compares them with the sandwiches sold by the other restaurants such as McDonald’s and Burger King. McDonald’s and Burger King, on the other hand, give pamphlets containing the details of the nutrient content of foods sold. However, other restaurants provide no such information making healthful eating away from home almost impossible for Americans. The incomplete nutrition information provided by most restaurants can be attributed to the need to retain consumers as knowledge of a meal’s dietary composition may affect demand for foods with undesirable nutrient content. Thus, when little information is provided, the consumers cannot make an informed choice when eating out.Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, those who have nutrition knowledge can assess the nutritional quality of the products sold by restaurants. Even for those who prefer to eat at home, they are motivated by the need to save money, not to eat healthy. Therefore, it can be argued that, most Americans’ eating out choices (where to eat, what to eat and how frequently to eat out) are largely dependent on entertainment and convenience, not on the nutritional value of the foods. In view of this, people with a good understanding of nutrition can effectively determine the restaurant food types that are healthful compared to those with little or no nutrition knowledge. The Economics of Eating Out Although a third of Americans report reducing how often they eat out, 1 in every 10 people in America dine out more often (DoL Para. 4). A further 70 percent of Americans cook at home to cut down their food expenditure while another 57 percent believe that eating out is an unnecessary expense. Interestingly, about 29 pe rcent of Americans claim to have reduced their expenses in other areas to sustain their eating out habits (Para. 6). These statistics imply that Americans’ restaurant spending has, to some extent, been affected by the sluggish economy. Therefore, Americans have not changed their dining out habits; they have only reduced how often they eat out. The economic downturn has seen more Americans eat out less often with some shifting from eating in major establishments to casual food outlets. Now with constrained budgets, many Americans have resorted to eating at home and when eating out, price consideration takes the center stage. They prefer casual restaurants when eating out because their prices are often low. This explains why popular casual restaurants have gained in profits over the past few years while the profits of full-service eateries have declined. For instance, The Cheesecake Factory gained 2.44 percent in profits while the McDonald’s profits declined by 12 percen t in 2010 (Technomic 9). The implication here is that consumers are increasingly becoming selective with regard to where to eat out due to budget constraints. But, what drives eating out habits besides prices? It is evident that cravings for exotic and foreign cuisines, restaurant location, entertainment value, healthy dishes offered and variety of food choices motivate Americans to eat out as opposed to cooking at home. This indicates that the American way of eating out is not influenced by the need to eat healthy. Rather, entertainment value, convenience and variety of dishes available in restaurants drive many Americans to dine out in restaurants. Conclusion Dining out in restaurants is a favorite pastime for most Americans. Most Americans prefer to eat out to eating at home because restaurants offer convenience, in terms of location, they offer a variety of meals/dishes and most offer entertainment for patrons. Despite the recent economic downturn and the poor nutritional qualit y of fast-foods, most Americans still enjoy dining out. Therefore, until Americans recognize the high nutritional value of home cooked meals, eating out will continue to be the norm, as fast-food restaurants continue to rake in profits. Works Cited Stewart, Hayden, Blisard, Noel, Jolliffe, Dean and Bhuyan, Sanjib. â€Å"The Demand for Food-Away-From Home: Do Other Preferences Compete with Our Desire to Eat Healthfully?† Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 30.3 (2005): 520-536. Print. Technomic, Inc. Trends in Healthier Eating and Fruit and Vegetable Usage in Chain  Restaurants. Wilmington, DE: Produce for Better Health Foundation, 2006. Print. United States Department of Labor [DoL]. Economic News Release: Consumer  Expenditures– 2012. Web. https://www.bls.gov/news.release/cesan.nr0.htm. This research paper on The American Way of Dining Out was written and submitted by user Mentor to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Scarlet Letter Chapter 8 Essay Example

Scarlet Letter Chapter 8 Paper Jeremiah Young Period-2nd 11/6/12 Chapter 8 At the beginning of chapter 8, Hawthorne brings back the main characters from the first scaffold scene; Hester, Pearl, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth; as well as representatives of the Church and the State. Also, that underneath the surface action, Hawthorne offers several strong hints concerning the difficult relationships of his characters. In Hesters pleading to Dimmesdale for help, in Pearls solemnly caressing his hand, and in the ministers kiss give you solid hints that Dimmesdale is Pearls father. Hester calls on her inner strength in her attempt to keep Pearl. She argues that the scarlet letter is a badge of shame to teach pearl a lesson and help her benefit from Hesters sin. However, Pearls refusal to answer the question causes the decision of the Church and the State to go against her. Now Hesters only appeal is to Dimmesdale, the man whose reputation she could crush. Pearl once again reveals her wild and passionate nature. In saying that her mother plucked her from the wild roses that grew by the prison door, she goes against both the Church and State. While such an answer seems intelligent for a small child, the reader must remember that Hawthorne uses character symbolism to present meaning. We will write a custom essay sample on Scarlet Letter Chapter 8 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Scarlet Letter Chapter 8 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Scarlet Letter Chapter 8 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Pearls action brings back Hesters audacity on the scaffold when she refuses to name the father of her child. The dual nature of Pearls existence as both happiness and torture is restated in Hesters plea, and this point is taken up by Dimmesdale. The ministers weakened condition and his obvious nervousness suggest how terribly he has been suffering with his latent guilt. Nevertheless, Dimmesdale adds to Hesters plea when he states that Pearl is a child of its fathers guilt and its mothers shame but still she has come from the hand of God. As such, she should be considered a blessing. The minister argues that Pearl will keep Hester from the powers of evil. And so she is allowed to keep her daughter. Those powers of evil can be seen in both the strange conversation with Mistress Hibbins and also in the change in Chillingworth. As if to prove that Hester will be kept from evil by Pearl, Hawthorne adds the scene with Mistress Hibbins. While Mr. Wilson says of Pearl, that little baggage has witchcraft in her, Hester says she would willingly have gone with the Black Man except for Pearl. These evil powers are also suggested by the fourth main character, Chillingworth. The change noted by Hester in Chillingworths physical appearance, now more ugly and dark and misshapen, is a hint that in Chillingworths desire for revenge, evil is winning the battle within him and is reflected in his outward appearance. That Chillingworth is Dimmesdales personal physician and supposedly his friend gives him the opportunity to apply psychological pressure on the minister. Chillingworths comment on Dimmesdales strange earnestness and his statement that he could make a shrewd guess at the father suggest that he may already have decided on Dimmesdales guilt.

Physical, Psychosocial & Cognitive Development of 0-3 essays

Physical, Psychosocial & Cognitive Development of 0-3 essays There are many developmental achievements that will occur in areas of physical, psychosocial and cognitive throughout the first three years. Normal developmental milestones nearly always occur in the same order but at different ages for different children. Caregivers are also teachers and must help cultivate their development and learning experiences through developmentally appropriate activities. There are no years more important then these first three years of life and it is of great importance that infants and toddlers get environmental stimulation through physical, motor, psychosocial, cognitive, language and literacy experiences. In the first 12 months of life, an infants size increases by approximately 50 percent and In no other one year period until puberty are there so many physical changes. . There are many milestones in the infants physical and motor development and their motor development will move from gross to fine in two distinct patterns. The cephalocaudal pattern is where motor control of the head to arms is achieved first then to trunk and legs. The proxmidodestal pattern is where command of head to the trunk is achieved first, followed by arms to the fingers and feet. Newborns respond physically to stimuli by unlearned and involuntary sensorimotor reflex abilities, such as sucking, rooting, stepping and grasping. Newborns uncoordinatedly swipe at objects and by the end of their first three months they will be able to hold their head steady and support their weight on their elbows. Around three to six months of age hand-eye coordination is improving and they are also able to begin to si t with some assistance or support and roll from side to back. Towards the end of 9 months infants will be able to raise themselves to a sitting position, sit steadily, crawl then creep and perhaps even stand up and cruise along furniture as well as successfully reach and grasp with their hands. Af...

Next-Door Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Next-Door Anthropology - Essay Example The setting of this community did not only ease access, but also the arrangement of homesteads and structures allowed maneuvering into the remote Places. This was very important as the objective of the study entailed larger coverage and an all-inclusive Participation. With all these in account, backed by the willing to respond members of the community, the region Proved to be compatible with the entire needs of this sociocultural research. The community is said to be one of the best master Planned Particularly Popular due to its organized commercial centers and high qualities offered in relation to its residents. It also has well renowned beautiful Parks and lake views that depict the level of interactions and associations within the commonplaces. All these parameters were very important since the ethnographic study majored on social inclusions and exclusion of community members. Moreover, the standards of living in the world class community of the Orange County have inevitably created a social stratification that results to differentials in living standards of the various social classes (Bunyan 56). The community has a unique ethnic background specifically due to their well-structured organizational level. The safety of the community is on the higher note since their members always do not leave the city for outside recreational activities. Every person treasures their own natural endowment that creates a culture of reference to their home resources. The residents have spirited lifestyle of recreation that is not learnt, but pegged on ethnic background. Additionally, the community shows a sense of togetherness and civic pride that leads to social, cultural, and ethnic activities that are shared amongst all members. In essence, this research was objected to study how the ethnic aspect is organized through variables such us age, sex, race, and educational

In depth analysis about article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

In depth analysis about article - Essay Example But at the same time, author’s view on internationalization is also pertinent because it helps the nations to maintain their autonomy vis-a-vis their fiscal policies and economic welfare and equitable distribution of wealth for the wider welfare of their people. The article emphasizes that globalization promotes economic integration across the globe through free trade and liberalization. It has resulted in diminishing national boundaries and brought in influx of foreign trade, both in term of goods and human capital. Daly believes that it undermines the national interests of the individual nations. But it nevertheless greatly facilitates the development process in the developing and under developed countries which need to be exposed to the opportunities for improving their standard of living. The developing world has indeed gained through globalization! Daly also asserts that internationalization would be more relevant because it helps to maintain national identity but promote s international relation through trade, treaties, alliances and protocols etc. The author has unconsciously supported the process of globalization in his emphasis for internationalization! When trade and business alliances are encouraged across nations, inter-dependency of economic units become vital ingredients of the developing relationship.

Caterpillar's Organizational Structure and Culture Essay

Caterpillar's Organizational Structure and Culture - Essay Example For this reason, organizational environment has been divided into three sections: general environment, task environment and internal environment. The first of them refers to factors that are likely to impact the organization as a market’s unit, as for instance technological and socio-cultural factors. Task environment refers to factors influencing the organization’s daily operations; customers and suppliers are factors of such type. As for the organization’s internal environment, this refers to factors, which are related to the organization’s internal boundaries, meaning factors such as employees and culture (Caterpillar, case study). Changing organizational structure can be a challenging task mostly because all parts of organizational structure need to be transformed. If a change successfully occurs, this fact can be made known to the management in the following way: no problems appear in the organization’s daily operations, especially in regard to the areas where change was promoted. The organizational culture can include a series of elements, such as symbols, ceremonies and stories; in Caterpillar, the above elements have been set as value hallmarks (Caterpillar, case study). Moreover, organizational culture can set the rules on which organization’s plans are based; reference is made particularly to the plans that regulate employee relations across the organization. In Caterpillar, organizational culture also refers to understandings, beliefs and norms; the above elements are characterized as shared values and define the cultural framework of Caterpillar (Caterpillar, case study). In accordance with the case study, adaptability and involvement are key characteristics of Caterpillar’s culture, ensuring flexibility and employee participation in organizational plans. In Caterpillar corporate culture is of critical value; teaching

The Womens Ordination Movement Theology Religion Essay

The Womens Ordination Movement Theology Religion Essay The question of whether or not women should be ordained set apart for religious leadership and/or to administrate certain religious rites has been present within Christian and Jewish groups since early in U.S. history. Women are regularly ordained within some religious groups. Others restrict ordination to men. Others continue to debate the question. Though U.S. Protestants did not first ordain women until the 1800s, women had for a long time prior to that been religious leaders both in their churches and in the public square. Perhaps one of the most famous examples of this is found in the story of Anne Hutchinson, who in the 1630s in Massachusetts challenged male authorities by holding meetings with women to discuss her pastors sermons. Her actions led to a trial, a conviction, and banishment to Rhode Island. While many women during this era exercised religious leadership, it was not until the mid-1800s that a woman was formally ordained to Christian leadership. Congregationalist Antoinette Brown was ordained in 1853 when she was called to become pastor of a church in New York. Unitarian Universalist leader, Olympia Brown, was ordained about a decade later, in 1863, and AME Zion minister, Mary Jane Small, was ordained in 1898. These ordinations of women and others that followed are indicative of significant changes that occurred in the mid-1800s and early 1900s in the roles of women in religious and public life. These changes were not without controversy as exemplified by the contentious debates that emerged as some groups supported and others vehemently opposed the ordination of women. The theologies and/or polities of some Christian groups and denominations afforded women early access to ordination. For example, the Quakers insistence that all people are equal before God provided support for those who sought gender equity in churches and society; as a result, though Quakers did not formally ordain anyone to ministry in favor of recording ministers, they did acknowledge women as authoritative preachers. The group known as the Shakers that emerged in the 18th century not only sprung up under leadership of a woman, Ann Lee, but also believed that Jesus would return to earth as a woman. Northern Baptists (later known as American Baptists) likewise demonstrated early support of women as preachers by supporting the ordination of Edith Hill in 1897, setting the stage for a continuation of the practice within that Baptist group. Also, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many Holiness and Pentecostal groups regularly ordained women. In addition to these pioneers in the movement are other traditions, including Presbyterians, Episcopalians, and the United Church of Christ, who in the twentieth century engendered and then formalized support for the ordination women. These traditions often faced inner conflicts over the question of ordaining women. In the late 1960s, for example, three Lutheran bodies (the Lutheran Church in America, the American Lutheran Church, and the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod), held a consultation on the ordination of women but were unable to reach a consensus. Both the Lutheran Church in America and the American Lutheran Church eventually approved the ordination of women. The Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod experienced significant upheaval over the issue and over other issues having to do with scriptural authority and interpretation. The conflict resulted in the formation of a new denomination, the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, for med in 1987 by a merger of the Lutheran Church in America, the American Lutheran Church, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church, from its inception ordained both women and men. The Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod continues to limit ordination to men. Other Christian groups, for example, many Baptists and the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, have consistently opposed the ordination of women. Many Baptist groups and congregations also deny women ordination, though Baptist polity allows for each local church to determine its own belief and practice. In 1964, Addie Davis became the first Southern Baptist woman to be ordained. In the early 1980s, the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) passed a resolution stating that offices requiring ordination are restricted to men. Supporters of this resolution point to sections of a denominational statement of beliefs, The Baptist Faith and Message, that states the following: [The churchs] scriptural officers are pastors and deacons. While both men and women are gifted for service in the church, the office of pastor is limited to men as qualified by Scripture (The Baptist Faith and Message, 2000). While this is an official SBC stance, neither denominational resolutions nor Baptist Fait h and Message statements are binding upon local congregations. Thus, decisions about ordaining women finally reside with each SBC church. Groups who oppose womens ordination do so primarily on the basis of their interpretations of biblical texts. Arguments include, generally, the perspectives that the New Testament does not report the existence of any women pastors, that pastors who represent the people before God should, like Christ, be male, that New Testament guidelines for church order do not include instructions that specify women, and that some New Testament texts forbid women to be pastors or have roles of authority over men (i.e. I Timothy 2:11-12). Those who support womens ordination also voice arguments based on biblical interpretation. For example, evidence exist in Old and New Testament texts of times when women exercised leadership over both males and females; and Paul stated clearly in Galatians 3:27-28 a theology of gender equity (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦there is no longer male and female; for all of you are one in Christ Jesus). A number of biblical scholars and theologians, including feminist scholars, have emphasized biblical examples of womens leadership and gender equity. Some Hebrew Bible scholars argue on the basis of their reading of Genesis 1 and 2 that both genders are created equally in Gods image. Protestant supporters include in their arguments the traditional Protestant emphasis on the priesthood of all believers. The late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries have witnessed a resurgence of the debate over womens ordination. By the end of the twentieth century, many Protestant and Jewish groups accepted women in the role of pastoral leader or rabbi. Some groups, however, continued to oppose womens ordination and for some of those groups the debate has intensified. The 2000 revision of the Baptist Faith and Message, cited above, has reignited and intensified the debate amongst Baptists as proponents of ordination argue that the 2000 language about women leaders is anti-woman and opponents insist that the revision only underscores a biblical mandate that while women and men are of equal value, the role of pastor is restricted to men. The 1963 Baptist Faith and Message, which the 2000 version revises, does not include a statement limiting the pastoral office to men. Moderate Baptist groups such as the Alliance of Baptists, the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, and the American Baptist Churches , U.S.A. take a more proactive and supportive stance toward ordaining women. In recent decades, the debate has also intensified within the Roman Catholic tradition. Throughout the 1970s, Roman Catholics debated whether or not the priesthood should be open to women. A final ruling on this question was published in the Vaticans 1976 Declaration on the Question of the Admission Women to the Ministerial Priesthood; the Declaration stated that the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith judges it necessary to recall that the Church, in fidelity to the example of the Lord, does not consider herself authorized to admit women to priestly ordination. Throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s, support nevertheless grew for the ordination of women to the Roman Catholic priesthood. Early in the 1990s, Vatican leaders began to take actions they hoped would quiet public support for womens ordination. These actions included pronouncements against ordaining women as well as disciplinary actions against individuals who advocated openly for womens ordination. Pope John Paul II issued a statement in 1994 underscoring the teaching of the 1976 Declaration and further stating that the teaching was not open to debate. The 1990s also saw debate sparked within the ranks of those Roman Catholics who supported womens ordination. Notably, feminist biblical scholar Elisabeth Schussler Fiorenza argued at a 1995 Womens Ordination Conference that women should aim not for ordination but rather for a discipleship of equals that resisted the overwhelming patriarchy of the Roman Catholic Church (Schussler Fiorenza, 1983). Others at the conference maintained a stance in favor of womens ordination. In the initial decades of the twenty-first century, the debate over womens ordination continues within the Roman Catholic Church. The issue of womens ordination has also stirred controversy within Jewish communities. The question was first posed in 1889 by Mary M. Cohen in Jewish Exponent: Could not our women be ministers? (Nadell, 1988, 1). In 1972, many years after the publication of this question, the Sally Jane Priesand became the first female rabbi within Reform Judaism in the U.S. Amy Eilberg in 1985 became the first woman received into the rabbinate within Conservative Judaism. To date, no women have become rabbis within Orthodox Judaism, though debate over the question continues within that Jewish sector. Other religious groups in the U.S. also debate what roles women can hold. For example, a controversy currently exists among Muslims over to what extent women can act as imams; most agree that while women can lead a gathering of women in prayer, women cannot lead a mixed gender group in prayer. Jehovahs Witnesses consider all persons ordained upon public baptism. Women are commonly appointed as full time ministers in order to evangelize or to serve as missionaries. However, the roles of deacon and elder as well as the authority to perform baptisms, funerals or weddings are restricted to male Witnesses. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints does not ordain women but the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints adopted the practice in 1984. Several organizations have emerged over time to support women clergy. One of the earliest was the Womans Ministerial Conference, founded in 1893 in Boston, Massachusetts. The International Association of Women Preachers was founded in 1919 by M. Madeline Southard, a Methodist minister from Kansas. Both of these groups supported women who believed they had a call to preach and advocated publicly for women in religious leadership. The Women Church movement, which began in the U.S. in the 1970s primarily to support Roman Catholic women who sought ordination, has kept alive ecumenical dialogue about the ordination of women as well as about other ecclesial and societal issues that impact the lives of women. Jill Crainshaw See also Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, Feminism, Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Southern Baptist Convention, Women-Church Movement. Sources Keller, Rosemary Skinner, and Rosemary Radford Ruether, eds. Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006. Keller, Rosemary Skinner, and Rosemary Radford Ruether, eds. In Our Own Voices: Four Centuries of Womens Religious Writing. San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1995. Nadall, Pamela. Women Who Would Be Rabbis: A History of Womens Ordination, 1889-1995. Boston: Beacon Press, 1988. Reid, Daniel G., ed. Dictionary of Christianity in America. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1990. Schussler Fiorenza, Elisabeth. Discipleship of Equals: A Critical Feminist Ekklesialogy of Liberation. New York: Crossroad Publishing Co., 1983.

Erickson’s development stages

Different psychologists have put forward stage theories of development which discuss that people go through many stages in definite orders, with challenges associated to diverse capacities arising from each stage and age. Erik Erikson proposed a theory of psychosocial development that happens in eight different stages over a person’s life span.He proposed that people face fresh challenges during each stage: generativity vs. self-absorption autonomy vs. shame and doubt: trust vs. mistrust initiative vs. guilt, identity vs. role industry vs. inferiority, confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, and integrity vs. despair. As Erik Erikson stated, the identity search marks an imperative step in adolescence. Adolescents may pass through an identity crisis, in which they struggle to comprehend themselves and make decisions on their future. Identity foreclosure occurs when a person hastily obligates to roles or values that others recommend.Foreclosure status is whereby a person has makes a commitment minus attempting identity examination. The sense of commitment and the quality of this commitment plus the manner in which it’s derived varies. Foreclosure status has so many characteristics. The adolescents in this status tend to assume commitments handed to them by others like their parents.They are able to put across a commitment but unable to explain how they got to that decision. Here they also tend to take for granted the recipe knowledge. They are obedient to people in authority and respect strong leadership. They also conform to the significant expectations of the other. They need strong social approval in making decisions. Moreover they are affectionate and loving when at home.They are unlikely to offer direction or leadership that is creative because of fewer analytic knowledge and rigidity in their commitment. The following is an example of a girl in a foreclosure status: Mary’s mother is a lecturer in women and gender studies and is totally involved in feminist issues. Mary admires her mum so much.She is a woman who is strong and as a single parent, has struggled to fend for her daughter while establishing her personal career. Mary believes that she, too, will be an independent and strong woman. She likes avoiding people especially men who don’t recognize her that perspective or just by attempting to bring let out her feminine personality.She undoubtedly maneuvers clear of her maternal grandmamma who is very artsy and unpleasantly very disorganized. Mary’s performance at the university is promising and the selection of her courses shows her unwaver ing interest in politics, psychology and more importantly feminine/women studies. Foreclosure comes from some sort of adversity or roadblock when a person delays commitment to an identity then an identity moratorium occurs. He or she may experiment with different roles and values. When a person is concerned in exploring varied identities and does not make any commitments, then it is in order that the person is in the moratorium state. The adolescents in this stage are the most anxious. They have well developed moral development.They are able to describe their feelings deeply. They like to exercise a socially mature influence, good debaters, socially in-depth and effective, they are good critical thinkers about everything they say and do. An example of a moratorium status is as follows. Tom has switched his college major many times that it will take him 6 years to graduate.Because his parents have incidentally refused to cater for his tuition ,room and board expenses, tom has tried so many of jobs, ranging from cleaner to shoe salesman. He likes jobs that allow him think and be alone; his friends are very much the like him .He performs well but his record has many incompletes. He has had one satisfying intimate relationship and is looking anxiously for another.  When a person lacks a clear sense of identity but still hasn’t explored issues related to identity development then identity diffusion happens. Here they engage intense immediate experiences that heighten their sense and provide an immediate pleasure.They tend to avoid making decisions with less developed moral reasoning. They always belong to the negative identity. In terms of sexual orientation, they are more experimental. Here is an example of a boy who is identity diffusion state. Dan is a freshman in the nearby university close to his former high school.He travels home almost every weekend but does not enjoy himself whenever he's there. He avoids talking to his high schoolmates friends or parents, prefers to surfing the web in his room. Occasionally he engages in impulsive shopping sprees and there after discusses elatedly over h is new electronic appliance he has purchased..He gets annoyed if his parent asks about it. Dan is registered for courses that   he has been informed that are simple, and he doesn’t have strong interest in his studies or his grades. Dan apparently has few goals and doesn’t care much about finding it  Identity achievement happens when a person considers other possibilities and commits to a certain direction in life and identity. In this case an individual has explored varied identities and made a commitment to one.The adolescents in this category are the ones that are natured by their parents well and have democratic family. They tend to be involved in occupation, political and religious belief exploration. They can think critically and have reasonable mind in that they make informed decisions. However they can be convinced to change their mind.They are the most highly adaptive and complex adolescents. They are more of future oriented and can identify things coming i n their future. Moreover they have self esteem and high level of reflective ability. They develop good relationships with their colleagues. Here is an example of identity achievement status girl. Melissa has parents who are both doctors. At the university she was a Spanish Major, spending a semester in Spain studying culture and art.During her graduation she surprised her parent that she had enrolled for medical school. She arrived at that decision after having an intimate relationship with a hospice nurse and working as a hospital volunteer during summer.Conclusion In our fast changing world, it is believed that identity crises are very many currently as compared to the Erikson's days. Exploring diverse areas of your life within your family, romantic relations and your role at work can help improve your individual identity.ReferencesErickson, H.E (1970). Reflections on the dissident of contemporary youth, international journal on psychoanalysis Marcia, E. J (1980). Identity in adol escents. In Adelson J.(Ed.), Handbook of Adolescence Psychology. Wiley: New York

Insecurity and Ignorance Essay

Grasping the idea of sexual assault and rape can be a difficult task. We know of it within our world, but it may not effect us in our own lives. Vulnerability is a more comprehensible feeling. Many girls around the world can relate the constant comparison between themselves and others, their need for attention, and insecurity. In Joyce Carol Oats’ Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? , the main character, Connie, displays these feelings through her subconscious thoughts and mindless actions. Her longing for acknowledgement leads to the extremely unfortunate event, meeting Arnold Friend. Connie’s low self-esteem, constant need for male attention, and lack of judgment force her to be helpless to the manipulative people she attracts. Connie’s insecurity causes her to constantly desire for male attention. She consistently daydreams about the boys she has been with, â€Å"Her mind slipped over onto thoughts of the boy she had been with the night before. †(365) Even as Connie goes through her normal, relaxing day, her mind subconsciously slips to thoughts of boys. This shows her obsession, desiring more from the males with whom she interacts. Connie’s clothing also displays her low self-esteem, when talking about Connie’s two different appearances: â€Å"She wore a pullover jersey blouse that looked one way at home and another way when she was away from home. †(362) Connie’s need for male attention causes her to dress in an inappropriate way, that she cannot show at home. She lost all self-respect, allowing herself to dress in a way to fulfill her mind’s desires. Because of the way she dresses, males treat her as they would someone much older, who dresses in the same way. Connie’s low self-esteem causes her to think that being pretty is all that matters, â€Å"She knew she was pretty and that was everything. † (361) Connie believes she is pretty and that she is better than anyone else because of that. Her world revolves around boys, and she thinks that all men care about is how pretty women appear, therefore being pretty is everything. The actions and thoughts of Connie cause her to have little self-respect in a world that revolves around males. Connie’s attitude and action towards males does not attract her the kind of attention she desires. Her mother tends to get angry with Connie for her arrogance. When Connie explains her mother’s preference for her older sister, June, she said, â€Å"If Connie’s name was mentioned it was disapproving. † (364). In Connie’s mind, the importance of the boys in her life is much greater than the importance of family. Spending nights at the drive-in restaurant, a popular hangout spot, Connie attracts the attention of older boys. This is what she intends to happen, but she is unaware of how this can lead to trouble. Older boys treat Connie as they would a girl their own age. This pressures Connie into doing things she would not normally do with someone as young as herself. In addition to the pressure from older boys, her actions by hanging out at the drive-in put her in danger. When Connie was with a boy at the drive-in restaurant, she caught the eye of a man who would prove dangerous: â€Å"He wagged a finger and laughed and said, ‘Gonna get you, baby. ’† (363-364) Connie does not know at the time that she was attracting danger. Connie is naive of the world around her, acting without thinking about the affects these decisions could have on her life. Through flirtatious acts and her attitude, Connie attracted a rapist, from whom she was unable to escape. By hanging out at the drive-in restaurant, flirting with older boys, and wearing provocative clothing Connie attracted the attention of the creepy Arnold Friend, whose intentions can be inferred from the story. When Arnold first pulls up to Connie’s house, and they officially meet for the first time, Connie instantly thinks about his impression on her: â€Å"She couldn’t decide if she liked him or if he was a jerk. (367). Connie did not find this abrupt encounter with Arnold strange, because he showed up at her house and knew about her. She first thinks about whether she liked him or not. She is oblivious to the danger of strangers, only thinking about if he is worth her flirting. Once Connie fell into Arnold’s trap, she is unable to escape: â€Å"She thought for the first time in her life that is was nothing that was hers, that belonged to her, but just a pounding, living thing inside this body that wasn’t really hers either. (377). She no longer had control of herself or of her fate. Everything lies in the hands of Arnold Friend. A potential rapist easily takes advantage of Connie, because of her vulnerability, longing for male acknowledgement, and not thinking about her actions. Connie’s whole world is centered around boys, consistently in her thoughts, which influence her actions. As a result, Connie’s daydreams of being with boys turned into nightmares of reality.

Three Great Achievements in Ancient Egypt essays

Three Great Achievements in Ancient Egypt essays Denial...its not just a river in Egypt is a statement we have probably all uttered. However, we cannot deny that there were many great things achieved by the amazing civilization of ancient Egypt. In this essay, we will examine three of the achievements that still fascinate us today, thousands of years later, the religious beliefs, the development of hieroglyphic writings, and the mummification of the dead. Religious Beliefs The Egyptians had many cults in the early days of Egyptian religion with over 2,000 gods and goddesses. These gods and goddesses had an indirect relationship with the Egyptian people. They would most often be animal gods like Anubis (the Jackal) who was linked with the dead and funeral arrangements. Jackals were often seen on the outskirts of the desert where the Egyptians buried their dead. In the development of early Egyptian religion, people in one region of Egypt often worshiped different gods than those in another region. They would build shrines inside their home to gain favor with certain gods to help in their daily life, for example, Thoth the god of scribes. In the Dynastic period gods and goddesses began to take a more humanistic look with human bodies but kept animal features like the god Taurt who had the head of a hippopotamus, the tail and back of a crocodile, and claws like a lion. There were very few animal gods still being worshiped by this period. One exception was Apis (the Bull) in Memphis. By the end of the Early Dynastic Period, when the two regions of Egypt were unified, a national religion began to form from the many tribes and regions. Of course, there were many inconsistencies and variations as the different priests were trying to systematize the gods, goddesses, and myths among the population. The next evolution in the development of ancient Egyptian religion happened at the time of the Old Kingdom during the 5th Dynasty....

101 Solution Examples Professor Ramos Blog

101 Solution Examples Quick Write Quick Write What is the problem you are going to research? Why did you pick this problem? It needs to be related in some way, that you will make clear, to diversity. Solution Argument Examples One example of a solution argument essay that we have previously discussed in this class is â€Å"The Danger of a Single Story† by Chimamanda Adichie. To quote a  CNN article on the Danger of a Single Story: Nigerian author Chimamanda Adichie believes in the power of stories, and warns that hearing only one about a people or nation leads to ignorance. She says the truth is revealed by many tales. She illustrates this with a story about coming to the United States, as a middle-class daughter of a professor and an administrator, and meeting her college roommate. Adichie says that her roommate’s â€Å"default position toward me, as an African, was a kind of patronizing, well-meaning, pity. My roommate had a single story of Africa. A single story of catastrophe.† Adichie also tells how growing up in Nigeria reading only American and English children’s books made her deaf to her authentic voice. As a child, she wrote about such things as blue-eyed white children eating apples, thinking brown skin and mangos had no place in literature. That changed as she discovered African writers, particularly the Nigerian Chinua Achebe. This is a great quote that highlights some of the moves we need to do in our article. It summarizes her topic, problem she is addressing, and solution; including examples she uses. Topic:  Many people do not realize that they are getting only one story. A single story is incomplete and she says dangerous. Problem:  Having a single story about an issue or group of people leads to stereotypes and incomplete information. Solution:  To look for multiple stories of whatever issue or topic you are hearing. She recommends we get our news and stories from multiple perspectives. Reasons and evidence:  She gives examples from her personal life to highlight that she has a personal connection. Background:  She gives background information, citing quotes and examples that place her issue in a historical context. She also uses current examples to place the issue in a contemporary context. Audience Who do you think her audience is? What do they value? Does she address those values? Sample Essays Clicking Originality Away: Social Media’s Effect On Young Female’s Self Esteem Papers Please! The Illegal Immigration Problem Unconscious Bias

PARALLEL ALGORITHM FOR MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MATRIX MULTIPLICATION Research Paper

PARALLEL ALGORITHM FOR MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MATRIX MULTIPLICATION OPERATIONS REPRESENTATION USING KARNAUGH MAP - Research Paper Example The basic concept EKMR is to transform the multi-dimensional array in to a set of two-dimensional arrays. EKMR scheme implies Karnaugh Map which is a technique used to reduce a Boolean expression. It is commonly represented with the help of a rectangular map which holds all the possible values of the Boolean expression. Then the efficient data parallel algorithms for multi-dimensional matrix multiplication operation using EKMR are presented in this study which outperformed those data parallel algorithms for multi-dimensional matrix multiplication operation which used the TMR scheme. The study encourages designing data parallel algorithms for multi-dimensional dense and sparse multi-dimensional arrays for other operations as well using the EKMR scheme since this scheme produces the efficient performance for all dimensions and for all operations of the arrays. Multi-dimensional arrays which are also referred as tensors or n-ways arrays are usefully applied to a wide range of studies or methods such as climate modeling, finite element analysis (FEA), molecular dynamic and many more but still many issues have been encountered regarding efficient operations of these multi-dimensional arrays. Most of the proposed methods are successful in case of two-dimensional arrays which do not show accurate results when applied to the extended form of tensors. This occurred due to the traditional matrix representation (TMR) which is an array representation scheme that is commonly used to represent the multi-dimensional dense or sparse array. Dense and sparse are the two categories of the array form which are provided through the various data parallel programming languages [2] for instance, Vienna Fortran, High Performance Fortran, etc. If all or most of the array elements are non-zero values then it is called a dense array. On the other hand, if most of the elements of the array are zero then it is called a sparse array. When an operation is applied

EFFECTS OF WORKING MEMORY DEMAND ON PERFORMANCE AND MENTAL STRESS Essay

EFFECTS OF WORKING MEMORY DEMAND ON PERFORMANCE AND MENTAL STRESS DURING THE STROOP TASK - Essay Example Mental stress results from the lack of balance between external requirements, and the ability of the individual to accomplish them. Mentally or emotionally related stress influences the daily life of a human being, and his or her performance. If one becomes exposed to extreme mental stress, it affects the nervous system, and can affect their performance severely. Most of the stressors associated with human computer interaction occur as a result of massive workloads, a lot of work pressure, job control tasks that are not efficient, and which are also monotonous, poor relationships between supervisors and the supervised. It is suggestive of the demand/control model of work strain, that little control and low social supports happen to be demanding. Working in shifts, factors that are human related and ergonomics have an association with mental stress. A dependable amount of evidence shows that heart diseases have links with extreme work demand. Therefore, evaluating the rate of heart ac tivity can help in gauging occupational risks. This studys purpose is to measure mental stress and monitor the heart rate variability during the low and high working memory (WM), needs affected by Stroop interference. The other aim is to measure the performance and time taken to respond during the Stroop task and to study their drift during high and low working memory demands. The third aim is to foresee the affiliation between mental stress and functioning. In carrying out the study, the rate of the heart should be recorded during both rest period, and also during the performance of a Stroop task. Both the high and low working memories are acquired by raising the amount of Stroop interference. The time taken to respond and the performance are computed for every hard stage of the Stroop task. This should be computed during the high and low working memory demand. Stress that is as a result of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) has links to the increased danger of

Beat Generation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Beat Generation - Essay Example The concluding edition was not published till six years after Kerouac wrote it in one extended paragraph in 1951. In 1957, the Beat poem â€Å"Howl† (by Kerouac’s friend Allen Ginsberg) had gained unsavory reputation; the newly published â€Å"On the Road â€Å"was proficient to ride the wave of attention in the Beats as well as make Kerouac an immediate celebrity â€Å"On the Road’s† cross-continental journeys are about Kerouac’s trips, mostly by car and bus and often accompanied by his friend Neal Cassady, the frenetic, charismatic, independent scholar from the West. Cassady’s name in the novel is Dean Moriarty. The novel begins with Dean and Sal Paradise (Kerouac) meeting in New York City and progresses through four mostly fast-paced trips, back and forth amid New York and California, up and down the Eastern Seaboard, along the Gulf Coast, and downs into Mexico, with notable stopovers in Denver and New Orleans, the latter to visit Old Bull Lee (William 3). The open road, poverty, drugs, alcohol, jazz, hunger, sex, speed, and characters met along the way create intense situations that allow the travelers to observe, react, and consider while becoming more familiar with their own identities. The novel’s two principal characters are the narrator, Sal, and his companion and hero, Dean Moriarty thinly veiled versions of Kerouac and his friend Neal Cassady. The book unfolds as a loosely connected series of episodes that document the pair’s adventures during a drunken and drug-ridden odyssey through the United States. Along the way, they meet and befriend an unforgettable gallery of American types: jazz singers, drug addicts, hitchhikers, and drifters. Their journey culminates in a revealing and darkly humorous stay in Mexico (Challi p 10). Much of â€Å"On the Road† is barely disguised autobiography, a document attesting to the

Hofstede analysis Essay Example for Free

Hofstede analysis Essay 1. Power distance: the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organisations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. 2. Individualism- the degree of interdependence a society maintains among its members. 3. Masculinity / Femininity-The fundamental issue here is what motivates people, wanting to be the best (masculine) or liking what you do (feminine).†¨ 4. Uncertainty avoidance The extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these †¨ 5. Long term orientation- the extent to which a society shows a pragmatic future-oriented perspective rather than a conventional historical short-term point of view. Power distance Thailand scores 64 on PDI index, slightly lower than the average Asian countries (71). It is a society in which inequalities are accepted; a strict chain of command and protocol are observed. Each rank has its privileges and employees show loyalty, respect and deference for their superiors in return for protection and guidance. This may lead to paternalistic management.†¨Thus, the attitude towards managers are more formal, the information flow is hierarchical and controlled. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Individualism With a score of 20 Thailand is a highly collectivist country. This is manifest in a close long-term commitment to the member group (a family, extended family, or extended relationships). Loyalty to the in-group in a collectivist culture is paramount, and over-rides most other societal rules and regulations. The society fosters strong relationships where everyone takes responsibility for fellow members of their group.†¨In order to preserve the in-group, Thai are not confrontational and in there communication a â€Å"Yes† may not mean an acceptance or agreement. An offence leads to loss of face and Thai are very sensitive not to feel shamed in front of their group. Personal relationship is key to conducting business and it takes time to build such relations thus patience is necessary as well as not openly discuss business on first occasions. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Masculinity / Femininity Thailand scores 34 on this dimension and is thus considered a feminine society. Thailand has the lowest Masculinity ranking among the average Asian countries of 53 and the World average of 50. This lower level is indicative of a society with less assertiveness and competitiveness, as compared to one where these values are considered more important and significant. This situation also reinforces more traditional male and female roles within the population.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ Uncertainty avoidance Thailand scores 64 on this dimension indicating a preference for avoiding uncertainty. †¨In order to minimize or reduce this level of uncertainty, strict rules, laws, policies, and regulations are adopted and implemented. The ultimate goal of this population is to control everything in order to eliminate or avoid the unexpected. As a result of this high Uncertainty Avoidance characteristic, the society does not readily accept change and is very risk adverse. Change has to be seen for the greater good of the in-group. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Long term orientation With a score of 56 Thailand is a Long Term Oriented culture though not as much as for most Asian countries. †¨LTO is manifest on their respect for tradition and inequality between people. †¨Amongst the values that are praised, working hard and having a sense of moderation are dominant. The investment in personal relationships and network is paramount. Protecting one’s face is key and a protocol in their non confrontational behavior.†¨Their concern is not to look for one truth which helps them be flexible and pragmatic in negotiations.†¨Thai favor long term oriented perspective and thus Thailand deadlines and timescales are fluid.