Artificial Intelligence :: essays research papers fc

Artificial Intelligence: Can Small Insect Like Robots Rule the AI World? The Question that I propose is: Can insect-like robots perform tasks superior to that of any other style of robot? I am going to prove to you that the answer is yes, of course they can! With their superior stability and many less drawbacks that larger wheeled robots the legged â€Å"insects† can out perform even the most powerfully computing machines in many tasks. The applications of these robots are only limited by our imagination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people believe that artificial intelligence and robots should only be for â€Å"unthinking and repetitive tasks, or for dangerous but straightforward undertakings† (Economist 83). But as human understanding and intelligence of computer systems and technology progresses the idea of artificial intelligence becomes more of a reality instead of a vision. Right now a computer can be a matchmaker, a chess champion, and a useful searcher of medical information. And many people and programs are changing that with their leaps and bounds by actually giving the machine senses like a database of knowledge and sight and sound in the forms of a camera and a microphone respectively. In one case a robot can sense â€Å"hunger† by making a decision when it is running low on fuel to choose to refuel before it completes its task that has been scheduled. It may have to refuel multiple times before the task is completed. The decision can even be made taking into effect the distance it is away from a refueling station (Economist 84). This is one reason why a small insect –like robot could be more useful, because it could be more efficient and adaptive to the task at hand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Much of the robotics community believes that a robot will have to be huge in size and programming to be useful in anything. But many of those types of robots could only mover across smooth surfaces like floors or roads for it to be stable and have no chance of it damaging itself by tipping over. The only way that robots could ever move where humans could, was to develop legs. But legs could be unstable causing the robot to fall, which concerned many people. But it wouldn’t be a concern if the robot was the size of an insect since insects fall down all of the time and they seem to still get around ok (Waldrop 963).

Human Resource Is the Most Important Assets in an Organization Essay

Assets can be defined as â€Å"tangible and intangible resources of a firm which can be drawn upon by a the firm when required to achieve its objective(s)† (Ray and Ramakrishnan, 2006). Tangible assets include financial and physical assets such as machineries and manufacturing plants while examples of intangible assets are branding, company reputation, technological know-how and human resource (Noe et al., 2012). Human resource is the most important asset of an organisation. Using studies which showed that effective use of human resources contributed to better corporate performance and/or productivity, this essay attempts to show that this intangible asset is a key driver in the survival and competitiveness of an organisation. For organisations to be successful, they need to survive and obtain an advantage over their competitors. There are many ways to attain a competitive advantage, including patented product and process technologies, protection and regulation of domestic markets and access to financial resources (Pfeffer, 1994). However, the aforementioned contributors of success are deemed to be less relevant in today’s societies because technologies can be imitated, markets are increasingly globalised and global capital markets ever more opened for worldwide movement of financial resources (Pfeffer, 1994). Instead, in today’s organisations, it is widely accepted that employees are key strategic resources for companies because their knowledge, expertise, ideas and services drive innovations, steer product developments and build relationships with clients. This in turn increase companies performances through multiple means such as driving profits, increasing productivity and building large customer bases. For example, Sears, a multinational US company, attributed its transformational success through its believe in the 3†³Cs† of â€Å"Compelling Place to Work†, â€Å"Compelling Place to Shop† and followed by â€Å"Compelling Place to Invest† (Yeung and Berman, 1997). The senior management at Sears believed that by optimising its human resources (through shaping of employee’s attitudes, increasing motivation and skills), it will become an attractive venue for customers to shop with high level of satisfaction. Consequently, it will be a good investment option due to strong financial results (through increase in customer expenditure) and productivity (through optimisation of human resources) (Yeung and Berman, 1997). Strategically valuable resources may give companies a competitive edge. Bartlett and Ghoshal (2002) argued that there is an evolving corporate strategy from one that competes for markets and products, to one that compete for resources and competencies, to the current strategy of competing for talents and dreams. Resources are deemed to be valuable when they cannot be easily imitated, their value depreciate slowly, they cannot be easily substituted and they are relatively better than competitors with similar resources (Collis and Montgomery, 2008). While these resources may be tangible or acquired capabilities, it is the view of this author that it is people that best fit the described characteristics of valuable resources. Creativity and expertise of an employee may not be easily duplicated. It takes time to groom talents, and their experiences and competencies cannot be easily replaced. Thus, to gain a competitive edge, companies need to invest in the hearts and minds of the key success factor – human resource. Many studies have shown that effective HRM (such as investments in training and strategic HRM) had led to increase in company performances, through proxy indicators such as increased profits return, labour productivity, and service quality. In the employee-customer-profit chain model devised by senior management at Sears, they predicted that a 5 unit increase in employee attitude will drive 1.3 unit increase in customer impression that will in turn increase revenue growth by 0.5% (Rucci et al, 1998). When put into context, in 1998, a 4% rise in employee and customer satisfaction translated to an increase in more than $200 million of revenues over a 12-month period (Rucci et al, 1998). Other than the example on Sears, Choudhury (2010) showed that there is a positive relationship between investment in human capital and company performance in India’s information technology sector. Similar positive correlation can also be observed from studies analysing quality of human capital an d sales revenue per employee in Romanian software companies (Camelia, 2012) and perceived effectiveness of rewards on corporate performance in Nigerian Banks (Ojo, 2011). As an important asset of the organisation, human resources need to be managed properly. HRM encompasses a multitude of responsibilities including recruitment, training and development, benefits, health and services (Noe et al., 2012). There are many case studies that have demonstrated that a highly-skilled workforce and appropriate training of employees play a key role in increased company performances. A survey done on 62 retail stores showed that percentage of personnel trained in their designed training programme correlated with the stores’ performances (Russell et al., 1985). Another study done in 15 manufacturing sectors of seven European Union countries suggested that intermediate- and highly-skilled workers increases labour productivity, which is a proxy for companies performances (Corvers, 1997). It is envisioned that with training, employees will be equipped with job-related skill sets and competencies. A company with cutting edge technology needs employees with the know-how to operate the machineries. A retail shop may distinguishes itself from another shop that sells similar merchandise through quality services that helps build a brand name and large clientele. Employees may learn how to serve customers through training programmes. A study of 2003-2006 Training Top 100 survey report published by the Training Magazine showed that there is a positive correlation between training expenditure and operating performances (Liao et al., 2011). This supports the general perception that training is an important HRM tool for companies to survive in the increa singly competitive market. Human resource is a key contributor to the success of organisations today. Examples used in this essay reinforced the argument that human resource is likely to the most important corporate asset as it is a unique resource that drives companies performance. In order to effectively tap on this valuable resource, companies need to train employees so that their potential can be harnessed.

Certification Requirements For Project Management Essay

Introduction CompTIA Project+ is a globally recognized certification for project managers. It is a requirement for many companies hiring project managers. The certification gives an employee credit amongst stakeholders and customers. It also helps in promotions or maybe getting a better paycheck than someone who does not have the certification. Standing out and shining in a career is important and CompTIA will do that for you in this field. All this goes for PMP certification too. In fact, Project + is a great stepping stone to a PMP certification and so on and so forth for CAPM. Certification Requirements for CompTIA Project + For a CompTIA Project + certification there is no real requirement to take it. Anyone can take the certification, but not everyone can pass. Passing the certification test requires dedication to the study material as well as the want to further ones career in project management. It is an entry level certification, which will help you acquire the job more than without the certification. There are no prerequisites or application to proceed in testing for the certification. It is also one of the shortest test for a project management certification. The test is 100 questions with a 90 minute time limit. With a time limit, studying is a must. The scoring is in between 100 – 900 with at least a 750 score. This scoring system is this way so when a certification is given, there is certainty it is given in the utmost confidence. Benefits of CompTIAShow MoreRelatedProject Management Certifications : An Analysis1323 Words   |  6 PagesPROJECT MANAGEMENT CERTIFICATIONS – An analysis INTRODUCTION Projects are vital for business. Successful completion of a project determines the survival of the organization. Increasing number of organizations have recognized that to be successful they need to utilize modern project management techniques. Individuals are also realizing that to be competitive in the work environment they must develop project management skills. Hence the profession of project management is growing rapidly. InternationalRead MoreThe Project Management Professional ( Pmp ) Essay1656 Words   |  7 PagesThe Project Management Professional (PMP) is one of the few certification categories where bonus pay is still climbing upward. â€Å"Bonus pay awarded to PMP certificate holders grew by 15% in the second quarter (Moad, J. (2003)†. â€Å"At least, it is when you re talking about bonus pay or impressing hiring managers. After all, there s nothing like the letters PMP (Project Management Professional) plastered on a resume to catch some attention†. While the PMP certification is marketed to professionalsRead MoreWhy We Need Pmp Certification717 Words   |  3 Pagesand high value certifications in the market. Unlike other certifications, PMP can not be just passed through reading and memorizing the books. You should have a well plan and preparation to clear the exam. That is the reason PMP exam is having more value in the market. Why we need PMP certification? During the last 10 years, there has been a shift towards specialized certifications globally. Although it is important to get a proper college degree, but the importance of certifications is increasingRead MoreRequirement of Certification for Higher Education1115 Words   |  4 PagesBased on visiting the Project Management Institutes website at HYPERLINK http://www.pmi.org www.pmi.org, explain in your own words the purpose/focus of each of the following certifications (Note to customer: the response to this question is below) PMP, CAPM, PgMP. Which of these certifications is highest in terms of its requirements? Which of these do you think a student could qualify for prior to graduation? Why? The purpose or focus of each of the following certifications is explained in myRead MoreSample Resume : Pmi Certifications1439 Words   |  6 PagesPMI certifications consist of eight certifications, each of which call for a tremendous amount of requirements such as: thousands of hours of project management experience and a four year degree. PMI certifications ensure a fundamental understanding of project management. By getting PMI certified, one can work almost anywhere they choose with any type of project management methodology. PMI certifications are not based on just one project management methodology. They are adaptable and can easilyRead MoreProject Management : Design Management1278 Words   |  6 PagesProject management is a tool that the organization can use to eliminate waste, increase capacity, or increase positioning in the market place. The concept of project management is broad with methodology dating back across the decades. Project management itself is not new; however, methodologies associated with project management have continued to develop and change over time. Specifically, during the last two decades, the Agile methodology was introduced to project management. In recent years, mergingRead MoreProject Analysis : Comptia Project + And Pmp928 Words   |  4 Pages CompTIA Project+ VS PMP Kim, Han Saem University Of Mount Olive CompTIA is a non-profit industry that certifies individuals so it can supply trained employees to a demanding computing information technology industry. CompTIA provides multiple selections of certifications such as, A+, Network+, Security+, CASP +, Server +, and more in order to prepare the individuals for the workforce. The CompTIA Project +, which is one of the popular certification on compTIA, is an exam designedRead MoreA Survey On Technology Industry Association1041 Words   |  5 PagesCertifications don’t just look impressive to hang on your office wall. They can make the difference that lands to the next job. A survey of technology processionals showed that it pays to be both cleared and certified. Average salaries for certified clear professionals between ten and twenty percent higher. So why IT security knowledge is important? It is well known that threats to our data, be it commercial or personas have been on a rise recently. The best defense against such threats is to beRead MoreThe Responsibilities Involved With The Project Management1371 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribes in brief the responsibilities involved with the project management. It also states the minimum educational qualification, skills, certifications needed and the salaries given to people in this role in todayâ€℠¢s world. Keywords: [Click here to add keywords.] University of Houston Clear Lake A project is basically an assignment which has a definitive start and end times. It is a task undertaken to create a product or a service. Every project usually performs a unique set of operations which is performedRead MorePMI’s Project Management Professional (PMP) credential is the most important industry-recognized certification for project managers1642 Words   |  7 Pages Answer 1) PMI’s Project Management Professional (PMP) credential is the most important industry-recognized certification for project managers. Globally recognized and demanded, the PMP ® demonstrates that you have the experience, education and competency to lead and direct projects. The steps involved in acquiring a PMP credential are 1) Application Submission: We have 90 days to complete the application, once we have started. 2) Application Completeness review: After application has been

Child Abuse and Sex Trafficking Essay - 1637 Words

As for myself, I have seen inappropriate situations and first one is that I had seen a man caressing and going to make love with a woman under the bridge at the park while two children at probably under six years old uneasily watched and tried not to watch at same time. Other time was a small child walking to the bus stop with no people and a few blocks on a busy street and finally a man came up to her. That bothers me wondering he is a bad or good person which still haunts me. My problem is I have no cell phone to call or to take picture which is worth a thousand words that led me to wonder how common is child abuse, sex trafficking and what are we dealing with. It is a ongoing worldwide†¦show more content†¦Early marriage between a girl and an adult man is common and still are common in the third world such as India, Central Africa and other countries. Child trafficking is a huge business that makes billions of dollars every year by using children for many different purpo ses. They use children for sexual purposes, labor, to be adopted and even to become a soldier for their group. The cultures influenced the habits to be passed down from generation to next generation and the culture and religious patterns allows the parents to kill their children or abandon them (Trafficking of Children). The child marriage report on National Geographic caught my eye as a wedding of those 5, 10, 13 years old girls at India and it is common practice as often poor parents are offered to sell their daughter to pay off their debts or obligations. There are some arranged marriages by families choice, not the bride or groom and for those daughters who waits are coming from the well to do families that there is no reason for selling off their daughters. The child physical abuse is world wide spread and the principles differ due to the culture and society (Child Brides). Davenport 3 The USA TODAY newspaper reported by Laura Ramirez on the children trafficking and theShow MoreRelatedThe Statistics Of Prevalence For Child Sex Abuse Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe statistics of prevalence for child sex abuse varies because of all the unique cases of child sex abuse that is reported. Although, statistic show that one in three girls will be sexually abused at one point in the United States and boys are one in seven to be sexually abused (Anderson, 2014). Children are not susceptible to crime as shown in the statistics because predators like pedophiles have fetishes towards little boy or girls. One study found that 10% of children experienced or came closeRead MoreChild Pornography And Child Trafficking Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pages000 SEX TRAFFICKING BOOK. More than 80% of these victims are women and girls, and 70 % of them are forced into sexual servitude SEX TRAFFICKING BOOK. When a person obtains children for the purpose of sexual exploitation or child pornography and plan to victimize these children for illegal activities, this is defined as commercial sexual exploitation Commercial Sexual Exploitation Fact Sheet. UNICEF Commercial Sexual Exploitation, which includes child trafficking, child pornography, and child sex tourismRead MoreChild Sex Trafficking877 Words   |  4 PagesWhen some people hear the expression â€Å"child sex trafficking† inevitably unspeakable thoughts come to mind, others are unaware this is even happening. Sex trafficking is a serious criminal issue taking place within the borders of the United States, but on the outside of these boarders this crime stands as a reliable source of income for those who participate. Although child sex trafficking is a local crime it is obvious that multiple nations have different viewpoints on the topic. The problem at handRe ad MoreThe Worlds Oldest Profession1574 Words   |  7 Pageslifestyle. In today’s society, sex sells. There are many factors that are making sex a commodity that can be bought or sold. There is a quote that states â€Å"Prostitution is the world s oldest profession†. Some find this statement true but there are many advocates groups who are fighting to end this profession. In this paper we will explore the history, the business side, the players who are involve in the world of prostitution and how it is related to sex trafficking. Also the different factors thatRead MoreNo More Sex Trafficking?1689 Words   |  7 PagesMore Sex Trafficking Human sex trafficking is an illegal trade that is steadily increasing in the United States. In particular, human trafficking starts with young children. Around the world today, 5.5 million children are victims of trafficking (Bales, Free the Slave). Young children become victims to sex trafficking for many different reasons. How they enter into the system is one issue, but who is there to help them get out is a bigger issue? Children are forced into the sex trafficking systemRead MoreDomestic Minor Sex Trafficking : Prostitution Or Exploitation?1518 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Minor Sex Trafficking: Prostitution or Exploitation? Although the history of child sex trafficking in developing nations has been widely documented, recently research has revealed that minor sex trafficking (also known as child prostitution) is a growing problem within U.S. borders as well. â€Å"Child prostitution is the sexual exploitation of a minor for profit, which can include money, drugs, or other items of value† (Center for Arizona Policy, 2014). The sexual exploitation of minorsRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Trafficking1168 Words   |  5 PagesImagine a small child, who cowers in the corner of a dark room. The child sits there in silence trembling with fear, and all you can hear is your heart beating faster and faster. Above the helpless child stands a creepy looking old man. He is not there to comfort the child, or help them in their time of need, but rather to have sex with the adolescent; or auction them off to other older, creepy looking men. This is a form of what we know today as human trafficking. The traff icking in persons is aRead More Child Trafficking Essays1660 Words   |  7 PagesChild Trafficking â€Å"The global market of child trafficking is at over $12 billion a year with over 2 million child victims† (â€Å"Stop Child Trafficking Now† 1). This statement from the article â€Å"Stop Child Trafficking Now† describes how serious this crisis is nationwide. Child labor, illegal adoptions and child prostitution are the three forms child trafficking typically exists as (â€Å"Riverkids Project† 1). There has been a rising number of Cambodian children being trafficked for sexual exploitationRead MoreVictims of Trafficking Protection Act Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pagessingle piece of legislation that deals with trafficking. Countries should be held accountable if they do not comply. The only way that sex trafficking can be officially over is if every single country complies with all the legislation. The United States looks at six different factors when deciding if they have met the criteria for eliminating trafficking. The United States looks at wheth er the country has investigated and prosecuted severe forms of trafficking, if they protected the victims, educatedRead MoreCambodia: A Place of Countless Struggles1545 Words   |  6 Pageslack of education, abuse, and sexual trafficking consume most of Cambodia, and the government continues to let these issues flourish. One of the most prominent problems Cambodia battles with is the sex industry, with prostitution and trafficking rates skyrocketing. According to recent human trafficking statistics, an immense amount of victims are sexually trafficked and exploited in Cambodia each year, but 80% of victims are young women and girls (Bertone). While sex trafficking affects nearly every

Martin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech - 961 Words

Martin Luther King Jr.’s Historic â€Å"I Have a Dream† Speech Dr. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech was written and delivered on August 28, 1963, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and remains one of the most historically influential and world-changing speeches of all time. Fifty-two years later, this speech is considered to be one of the best persuasive speeches ever delivered. Dr. King is not only attempting to persuade his audience to understand the plight of minorities in the United States, but he is also attempting to encourage a nation to change for the betterment of mankind. Through the effective use of several literary elements, Dr. Martin Luther King’s ‘I Have a Dream’ speech prompted Caucasian Americans to look closer at the country s dismal record of civil rights for black Americans and other minorities. The primary purpose of Dr. King’s eloquent and dramatically delivered speech is that of persuasion. King’s claim is the Negro people are still not free one hundred ye ars after President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation. This warrant is supported by King’s effective emotional appeal to his African American audience. He supports this with the following: but one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free.† This is emotional because after one hundred years of oppression, the African American community has still not achieved their cultural and economic potential according to King. He is endeavoring to persuade his audience, fellow minorities andShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech891 Words   |  4 PagesSince Kindergarten, teachers have been teaching students about Martin Luther King Junior’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. Ever since children have been born, they have celebrated Independence Day by either going to a parade, or shooting fireworks. Although, at these young ages, children don’t quite know the real importance of each of them. Martin Luther King Jr. wanted every huma n being, regardless of their race to be treated fairly or just. Independence Day was the day on July 4, 1776 where fifty-sixRead MoreMartin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech Essay2045 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.† (MLK, I have a Dream) Imagine standing in the crowd when Martin Luther King said this. To have all of your hopes and dreams of equality voiced in such a magnificent way. It spoke to the hearts of the people about the injustices and discrimination that were tearing apart and demeaning a great nation of liberty and justice. The king trulyRead MoreAnalysis of Martin Luther King ´s Speech: I Have a Dream1309 Words   |  6 Pagesthe late 1950’s through the 1960’s, however; Tricia Andryszewski informs her readers that Black Americans had been working for change since before the civil war, but mainly beyond. Some of the most prominent civil rights leaders include Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, Philip Randolph, and Bayard Rustin. The two main goals of the civil rights activists being, equal rights and treatment for all races. As a result, the â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech was written by Martin Luther King, Jr., a manRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech1696 Words   |  7 PagesDr. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech has served as inspiration to multiple generations in the 52 years since his words were spoken. Individuals and groups have rallied behind his message of equality and peace and quoted this speech countless times in an attempt to further Dr. King’s dream of bringing racial injustice to an end. In this speech, which was delivered as the culmination of the March for Jobs in 1962, Dr. King addressed nearly 250,000 people to bring awareness to the injusticesRead MoreMartin Luther King s I H ave A Dream Speech Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter†, wisely said by Martin Luther King Jr. We live in the 21st century, a century where people thought we would be all unicorns and rainbows; people thought wrong. We live in a world where parents not only worry about the future of their kids, but also if their kids were coming back home that night. We live in a world where people are mocked for their differences instead of being embraced. We live in a world where your appearanceRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s I Have A Dream Speech1480 Words   |  6 PagesRights Movement, Martin Luther King Jr s I Have A Dream speech was broadcasted across the nation and heard by millions of Americans on August 28, 1963. Throughout the decades, many have promoted the importance of racial equality in America. Leaders such as William J. Clinton, Barack Obama, and George W. Bush have contributed to modern social movements by, doing as Dr. King himself, giving speeches to varying audiences concerning the issue of racial inequality. Above all, Martin Luther King Jr made theRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech Essay1756 Words   |  8 PagesA Primitive Action In Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream Speech, he states â€Å"I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character†, this appeal to the emotions that judging based on a person’s race is wrong. For this reason altering affirmative action in higher education admission will be discussed since it creates a perpetual racial preference in admission. Affirmative action is controversial due to its issue of whether today’s generationRead MoreObservations On The s I Have A Dream Speech By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.881 Words   |  4 Pages5 years ago, Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his I Have a Dream Speech on the Washington Mall 47 years ago, and Mother Teresa was born a century ago. Monday: Katrina; Tuesday: I Have a Dream; Today: Mother Teresa After spending a great deal of time on and devoting a good deal of space to the two previous subjects in this series on recent anniversaries, 2005 s devastating Hurricane Katrina and the world-changing 1963 I Have a Dream speech by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., I had looked forwardRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.s I Have a Dream Speech Essay1988 Words   |  8 PagesFigures of Speech, (4) Logos: Nobile Diction, and (5) Logos: Arrangement. Notably, blacks for year’s fought hard to receive equal rights to those whites had. The late 1950s, early 1960s was a turning point for African-Americans with the establishment of the Civil Rights Era. The Civil Rights Era represented a social movement for blacks in hopes of ending racial segregation and discrimination, especially in the Jim Crow Deep South. At the forefront of this movement was Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., whoRead MoreMartin Luther King, Jr.s Speech, I have a Dream, Led to Change in Civil Rights1732 Words   |  7 PagesMarti n Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech on August 28, 1963 led the way for a much needed change in America’s Civil Rights Era. Martin’s life brought about much needed change to allow black people to have equal opportunities. Martin Luther King, Jr. came from a long line of Southern Baptist Preachers. His father and grandfather’s influence led the way for him to also become a Baptist preacher. The man he was came from his strong convictions in the word of God. This gave him the courage and

The Courthouse Hotel & the Role of Supervisor

Question: Case study on explains the Courthouse Hotel, in Australia which is recently facing competition from other competitors in the industry. Answer: Introduction The case study explains the Courthouse Hotel, in Australia which is recently facing competition from other competitors in the industry. To maintain the minimum profit margin the hotel has formulated a strategy based on cost. The hotel was initially a three-starred hotel, which used to maintained a very low cost to deliver services and the overall standard of food and other services were also low (Raju et al. 2013). Recently the hotel is purchased by a well-known business person whose vision is to make it a four star standard by providing the broad range of services. The new owner has formulated a strategy of refurbishment that focuses on the opening of new banquet suite, an a la carte restaurant, a leisure club, a full portering service and extensive lounge operation (Deng et al.2015). The emphasis is given on increasing the interpersonal skill of the staff to enhance the overall standard of service delivery. A recent survey has revealed that the extent of trade will increase by 60% so keeping pace with it Courthouse should standardize its services to serve wealthier and international customers worldwide. Consequently, a new opportunity has come when a government has announced that it will host one of the largest intergovernmental events in the city. It is given the responsibility to Courthouse Hotel to serve the German delegates. The report highlights the leadership style and skill that is required by the supervisor to manage the entire event successfully and how the supervisor can motivate the staff to achieve the performance standard. The case study further elaborates the supervisors technical, conceptual, personal and people management skill to handle the entire situation and the areas where the requirement is required. Moreover, it highlights how the supervisor co-ordinates with the staff to deliver excellent services and the strategy that the supervisor has taken to improve the security system and the overall performance of the staff (Khan et al.2014). Th e supervisor has shown co-ordination with the staffs, excellent problem-solving skill and decision making ability to make the event successful. a,The main issues the supervisor will address before the German delegations visit The Government has arranged a big conference in the city, and each hotel has given a special commission whereas the Courthouse is allocated to the Germans Chancellors. During the event, all the German politicians, delegates and 75 journalists will stay there for a week in the next summer. So the most important issues that the supervisor will consider the events include the supervisor should give utmost importance to the security system of the delegates so that the entire event runs smoothly and successfully. As a new business person has purchased the hotel and has taken a strategy to make it a four star hotel to offer a broad range of services to the guests (Shih et al.2013). Moreover, the owner should implement the planning for further development of the hotel by opening a new banqueting suite, an a la carte restaurant, a leisure club, a large lounge room, full portering service and a huge room for run the service operation (Solomon 2014). The supervisor is a person who controls the overall operation and the staffs to deliver the service in a best possible way to earn the reputation of the hotel. Since the supervisor involves managing the process, resources, people, and information. Therefore, the planning includes allocating the duties to the staff members and focus on their interpersonal skills to maintain a very high standard of performance (Baptiste et al. 2014). Hence, the planning focuses on setting the goal and objectives Delegation of authority Communicating effectively with the team members Building an efficient team Creating congenial work environment and supportive working relationship Motivating the employees Reduce the conflicts between the group members to deliver high performance Coaching and feedback-intensive programs to train and develop the skill set among the staff members Treating all the team members equally and fairly with dignity Arranging necessary resources and handling them correctly Providing guidance and cooperation to the stuff members Focusing on continuous improvement Facilitating future growth and advancement (Kerzner, 2013) The supervisor has focused the front of house and identifies the main issues that need to be addressed before German delegates visit. The front desk of a hotel is involved in doing two most important task one is effective communication and the other is accounting function. Since communicating with guest, employees, and other department portrays a hospitable image so the supervisor should ensure all the guest queries are resolved with utmost importance. As the current event is concerned, the German delegates are the main important focus therefore a better hospitality will help the hotel to earn appreciation and reputation in the market. Apart from that the supervisor should ensure that the marketing and sales department gets proper information from the front desk on the availability of guest rooms, the housekeeping department queries regarding guest reservations are fulfilled. The accountings functions involve maintain proper data regarding the registered and non-registered guest acco unts. In addition to this, the supervisor should ensure that the front desk should maintain proper billing system, keep records of transactions, and generate itemized bill to show the breakdown of charges to ensure a flawless and accurate system all the times for the convenience of the guests. b, Discuss the skill that the supervisor should demonstrate to run the operation smoothly The supervisor must have certain skill set to run the operation smoothly such as technical skill refers to the efficiency in operating the role, people power includes listening to the employees, establishing proper communication system, handling conflicts, provides cooperation and praising the employees for achieving the desired performance standard and treating the people individually (White 2014). Conceptual skill involves decision making and problem solving capabilities. Personal power means the knowledge regarding the strength and weaknesses of the operation, the supervisors ability to learn from experience and self-analysis and self-evaluation. To achieve the goal, the director should focus on fulfilling the needs and the desires of the guests. Moreover, the director treats every employee with equal consideration and respect and motivates them to provide the best performance (Lussier and Achua 2015). While arranging the events before the visit of German Chancellor, the supervisor should concentrate on the delegation of authority and maintain a very higher standard of cuisine and services to get positive publicity which helps the hotel to increase revenue and get growth in future. The supervisor should arrange proper training to improve their listening skill of front desk, as it is a critical listening center of the hotel and improve the communication by monitoring the way the guest and staffs are involved in interaction ensuring a two-way communication cycle. The supervisor must ensure all the staffs and should have adequate knowledge about the products they are promoting. The supervisor should train the front desk staff in such a way that maximizes the customer delight and satisfaction. Moreover the supervisor should train each front desk staff to listen to the smallest problems and pay utmost attention to resolve it. The front desk should be always very clean and tidy and all the staffs should be well attired to create a better perception and good image to the guests particularly when the clients are international one the supervisor should ensure the proper availability of staffs at front desk all the time with a friendly smile to deliver uninterrupted serv ice all the time. Moreover, the supervisor should demonstrate advancement and skill by implementing a proper reservation system and in-room guest checkout system. The supervisor should focus on Total quality management to improve the entire process. It further emphasizes better delivery of services at front desk. c,Analyze the motivation technique to maximize the performance Motivation refers to the art of making people do the thing that the leader wants them to do as there is reward or appraisal attached to it. Motivation factors refer to Maslow's need hierarchy theory, Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene theory, McClelland's need theory to name few of them (Ma et al. 2012). As far as the motivation theory of Maslow is concerned it comprises of physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness, esteem needs and self-actualization. Whereas Herzberg extended the work of Maslow and invented a new motivation theory known as Herzberg's Motivation-hygiene. Herzberg questions two important things when the employees feel bad about the job when they feel good about it (Pasodi and Ahmed 2015). Serving the German Chancellor acts as a motivational factor for the staff since it is related to gaining publicity and reputation in the hotel industry. If the supervisor achieves success, then the hotel will implement the refurbishment strategy which in term gives the employee good performance appraisal as the result of increasing revenue that the business is getting from the growing business. The supervisor by its excellent leadership style and skill motivate the employees to achieve high-performance standard that is characterized by change in a situation with the new leaders and renovation policy to achieve the four star standard which is further fueled by the arrival of German Chancellor in the hotel will need sound security system and other facilities to ensure the successfully completion of the whole events (John and Taylor 2014). Conclusion The overall report is centered on the hotel Courthouse, which was one of the major three-star hotels in Australia that is striving hard to maintain the minimum profit margin to survive in the hotel industry against the tough competition. The hotel has developed a low cost strategy in delivering the services to the clients at a low cost, and the quality of the services is comparatively low. Then the hotel has undergone major restructuring where it has been taken over by a reputed businessperson who has planned to change the structure of the hotel to make it a four star standard. As the survey reveals 60% increase in the volume of trade, therefore the hotel has planned to take the opportunity to gain more profit by serving more customers. Considering this in mind the new owner has aimed to provide the variety of services with high standard and planned for renovation to attract more customers and to provide better services to them. Moreover, it has designed to utilize the opportunity to serve German politicians and advisors, and if the event meets success, it will undoubtedly help Courthouse to earn positive publicity and fame (Thompson et al. 2013). 2. The steps taken to achieve the required performance level Introduction The case study gives brief information about the luxury hotel Courthouse in Australia. The report focuses on the financial and nonfinancial performance, market competition and leadership style, and role of change management to address the failure of not achieving the performance standard. To make the event successful the Courthouse should use the latest technology to cope up with changes and to increase customer knowledge regarding the various types of products and services and the quality of the services they deliver (Tang et al. 2012). The case study also focuses on the leadership style that can be adopted to fill the gap to make the entire event successful. It also concentrates on the relationship between financial and non-financial performance whereas the implementation of the budget refers to the manager's capability to design a financial plan and implement it in way that will surely help the managers to achieve the goal to minimize cost and earn revenue and therefore the hotel can provide better service to the clients (Chun et al.2013). The non-financial performance includes both customers and the workers ensuring fulfilling the particular requirements and therefore gaining the confidence of the clients. Moreover, the leadership strategy should concentrate on motivating the employees in such a way so that they can go beyond and perform to meet the requirement of the clients and generate maximum value among the customers. Therefore, the leadership style of Courthouse should value employee and motivate them in such a way to deliver high performance and meet the satisfaction level of the customers. The supervisor aims at continuous improvement of the services to achieve target profit and attracts new customers. The study also focused on transformational leadership style to focus on staff and provide training to develop a skill to able to address the issue in a better way. However, the success can be achieved by sending the tangible items like improving the s tructure by implementing renovation and focusing on the intangible things like changing the customer attitudes and behavior by providing more customized services while serving the customers (Choudhary et al. 2013). The actions the supervisor will take to address the situation The supervisor will formulate an action plan to improve the staffing administrative and will focus on the front office reception to gather more information regarding reservation booked and use that data to forecast future demand. To achieve the performance standard in future, the supervisor needs to be more effective and should take the help of questionnaire to get customer feedback which provides information about customers experiences about hotel services, contribute to formulating competitive price lists, the latest amenities and the problems that the customers are facing. All the information is helpful to improve the hotel management operation and to earn revenue for the hotel in future (Kim et al. 2014). The supervisor should arrange the front desk to ensure all the staff members should show empathy with the clients, caring and humble enough to attend the customers. The supervisor will train the all the staff member to go beyond the job description to make the client happy. The staff should focus on the client requirement to be able to come with immediate solution. Moreover the ability to engage the clients in fruitful conversation by delivering a great and personalized experience to the guests is one of the most important responsibilities of front desk which need to be considered and measures taken to improve. The supervisor needs to train the front-end desk staff to be more resourceful, creative, and knowledgeable to resolve all the queries of the customers and to provide better customer service in order to make the event one of the remarkable and successful. Recommended course of action for the supervisor The recommended changes that enable the controller to implement the changes are as follows it has stated the financial and nonfinancial changes that the supervisor must adhere to make the event successful. The director should take the responsibility and formulate a strategy to enhance the quality of the services regarding their execution, to implement new changes and modify the structure to align with the customer requirement (Fan et al.2012). It concentrates on building an efficient admin department to initiate changes like improving the food quality and providing great variety in cuisine. The non-financial aspects are aiming to create the congenial work environment for the staff of the hotel to satisfy the delegates. The supervisor should adopt a survey technique by questionnaires and direct interviewing the workers and customer to find the problem and to come up with a solution and take measure to implement it to enhance the performance. It recommends a collaborative approach and cooperation among the staff and aims to increase the interpersonal skill of the team members to reduce conflicts and achieve excellent skill in executing the service. Moreover, it has recommended a leadership style which focuses on innovation, continuous improvement and . It also initiates the cordial relationship among staffs and focuses on delegation of authority to make the event successful. The supervisor should focus on interpersonal skill of the staffs and communicating with them in such an effective way to resolve the customer problems by inspiring and mentoring them and proper coaching and controlling will help the leader to reduce gap, which increases more employee engagement and customer satisfaction (John and Taylor 2014). Conclusion The organization, therefore, explores new ways to promote the business that gives benefit and satisfies the customers. Retaining the customers requires developing a strategy to improve the services and the product. The hotels that give importance to draw new customers, fulfilling the requirement of the customers are more likely to survive in the long run than those that dont have any commitment and loyalty towards the customers. The supervisor of Courthouse should improve the client service department to ensure good customer service. It has highlighted that by adopting the forecasting method by comparing the data with other hotels gives Courthouse to set a goal for future and to analyze the profit margin for the company. It can help to improve the administration department, budgeting decision to update the facilities for more convenient and customer oriented service (Zuo et al.2012). Reference List Baptiste, S., Carswell, A., McColl, M.A., Polatajko, H. and Pollock, N., 2014.Canadian occupational performance measure (COPM). Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (CAOT). Choudhary, A.I., Akhtar, S.A. and Zaheer, A., 2013. Impact of transformational and servant leadership on organizational performance: A comparative analysis.Journal of business ethics,116(2), pp.433-440. Chun, J.S., Shin, Y., Choi, J.N. and Kim, M.S., 2013. How does corporate ethics contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of collective organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Management,39(4), pp.853-877. Deng, Y., Liu, Y. and Zhou, D., 2015. An improved genetic algorithm with initial population strategy for symmetric TSP.Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2015, p.212794. Fan, M., Shen, J., Yuan, L., Jiang, R., Chen, X., Davies, W.J. and Zhang, F., 2012. Improving crop productivity and resource use efficiency to ensure food security and environmental quality in China.Journal of Experimental Botany,63(1), pp.13-24. John, M.C. and Taylor, J.W., 2014, August. Leadership style, school climate, and the institutional commitment of teachers. InInternational Forum Journal(Vol. 1, No. 2). John, M.C. and Taylor, J.W., 2014, August. Leadership style, school climate, and the institutional commitment of teachers. InInternational Forum Journal(Vol. 1, No. 2). Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Khan, S., Asghar, M. and Zaheer, A., 2014. Influence of leadership style on employee job satisfaction and firm financial performance: a study of banking sector in Islamabad, Pakistan.  , (5), pp.374-384. Kim, S.J., Ko, Y.W., Uhmn, S. and Kim, J., 2014. A strategy to improve performance of genetic algorithm for nurse scheduling problem.Int. J. Soft. Eng. Appl,8(1), pp.53-62. Lussier, R. and Achua, C., 2015.Leadership: Theory, application, skill development. Nelson Education. Ma, D.L., Cao, Z.Y., Wang, H.G., Huang, X.L., Wang, L.M. and Zhang, X.B., 2012. Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous FeF 3 and its in situ homogenous polymerization coating for high energy and power density lithium ion batteries.Energy Environmental Science,5(9), pp.8538-8542. Pasodi, M.S. and Ahmed, M.S.M., 2015. IMPACT OF MOTIVATION ON SPORTS PERFORMANCE OF HOCKEY PLAYERS.Editorial Board,4(4), p.23. Raju, G.A., Marks, A.J., Benoit, R.M. and Docimo, S.G., 2013. Models of care for vesicoureteral reflux with and without an end point of reflux resolution: a computer cost analysis.J Urol,189(6), pp.2287-92. Shih, B.Y., Chen, C.Y. and Chen, Z.S., 2013. An empirical study of an internet marketing strategy for search engine optimization.Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing Service Industries,23(6), pp.528-540. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Tang, Z., Hull, C.E. and Rothenberg, S., 2012. How corporate social responsibility engagement strategy moderates the CSRfinancial performance relationship.Journal of Management Studies,49(7), pp.1274-1303. Thompson, A., Peteraf, M., Gamble, J., Strickland III, A.J. and Jain, A.K., 2013.Crafting Executing Strategy 19/e: The Quest for Competitive Advantage: Concepts and Cases. McGraw-Hill Education. White, O., 2014. The Performance Standard for Protective Coatings: Analysis and Review. 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The American Way of Dining Out

Introduction For most Americans, dining out is a favorite pastime. Americans dine out when celebrating an event, when on a date or just to have a new dining experience. But, in the aftermath of the 2007/2008 economic downturn, people are dining out less often, instead preferring to eat at home to save money. This trend is already having a toll on hotels and restaurants. Nevertheless, on average, American’s prefer eating out to eating at home.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The American Way of Dining Out specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A survey by the United States Department of Labor [DoL] found interesting facts about the American’s way of dining out. A significant proportion of the respondents (63 percent) reported having dined out at least once the previous month with 53 percent of them dining out in fast food restaurants, 18 percent in full-service restaurants and 9 percent in other f ood restaurants (DoL Para. 2). What is worrying, however, is that most of the foods consumed away from home tend to be energy rich but less nutritional compared to home prepared foods. Though patrons may not like to eat unhealthy foods, they opt to eat out due to convenience, diverse meals on offer or simply for entertainment reasons. The argument presented in this paper is that, when it comes to eating out, Americans neither base their dietary choices on nutritional quality of the meals nor do they consider their budgetary constraints. Their restaurant choice and frequency of dining out is based on the prospects of entertainment, convenience and a variety of dishes on offer. The Americans’ Restaurant Expenditure Nutritionists advise people to adopt healthy eating habits, which, along with physical exercises guarantee a healthy and quality life. However, it is not clear whether this message and the consumers’ desire for a healthy life influence their eating behavior or dietary choices when eating out. The Department of Labor reports that, on average, the daily energy intake of an American when eating out rose from 18 percent in 1994 to 32 percent in 1996 (Para. 3). This indicates that eating out increases one’s caloric intake significantly. The same survey established that consumer spending on restaurant foods had increased with consumers, in 1996, spending over half of their dietary expenditure on restaurant foods. The rise in the number of consumers eating out implies that dining out is a preferred pastime for most Americans. With regard to food expenditure, the U.S. Department of Labor reported that, on average, in 2010, restaurant spending by each American stood at $2,505 (DoL Para. 5). In comparison, in the previous years, 2009 and 2008, the average restaurant spending was $2,619 and $2,698 respectively (Para. 7). The drop in consumer spending in 2010 is attributed to the 2007/08 economic downturn. Nevertheless, Americans enjoy dining out often as opposed to eating home-cooked meals.Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consumers attribute their eating out habits to public suitability, entertainment value and availability of many dishes in restaurants. However, from the DoL statistics, eating out increases the consumers’ calorie intake, as restaurant foods tend to be calorie-rich but nutritionally deficient. Eating out more often increases one’s body fat level in adults leading to elevated body mass index. It is no wonder eating out has been associated with obesity and overweight especially in adolescents. A survey by Technomic Inc. that interviewed a number of restaurant owners found that most restaurants are not keen on providing healthy foods for their patrons. They do not feel that providing healthy meals would increase the number of customers visiting their establishments. Some held t he opinion that â€Å"most customers’ attitude is ‘when I go out to eat, I want to eat what I want’† (33). Nevertheless, the hotel executives felt that creating consumer awareness about eating healthy would help in the management of obesity. To manage obesity, which has become an epidemic, nutrition educators have employed a number of approaches to promote healthy eating out habits. They educate consumers on nutrition and healthful diets that one can get in restaurants when eating out. They sometimes incorporate aspects of consumers’ preferences, convenience and entertainment when providing the nutrition information to influence their eating behavior. One such campaign technique is the â€Å"5 A Day† program that encourages Americans to eat a minimum of five servings of vegetables/fruits daily (Stewart et al. 522). The â€Å"Power of Choice† program is another example of these programs that aims at educating adolescents to eat healthy and engage in physical activities to stay healthy (Stewart et al. 522). Although these nutrition-education programs have the potential of promoting healthy eating habits among Americans, their impact largely depends on the patrons’ own knowledge on nutrition and whether they apply it when making choices on the type of restaurant or food to eat. Is Eating Out Healthy? The statistics given by the United States Department of Labor show that more Americans prefer eating out to eating at home despite the low nutritional quality of restaurant foods. But, what factors influence Americans to continue to eat out despite the increased health risks associated with fast-foods? From an economic perspective, a consumer’s preference and nutrition knowledge would affect his or her dietary choices. Thus, consumers who have knowledge on the nutritional value of foods would be expected to evaluate restaurant foods before placing an order. Food prices also influence the consumers’ dietary choices.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The American Way of Dining Out specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides income and food prices, the consumers’ demographic characteristics can be used to explain the trends in consumer behavior. In the American context, psychological factors such as attitudes, information, perceptions shape consumer behavior, and by extension, the demand for restaurant foods. In light of this, it is clear that the Americans’ rising demand for restaurant foods is shaped by the desire to eat healthy in a convenient location that provides entertainment value. Thus, when choosing among eating in a restaurant, eating at home and eating in a fast-food cafà ©, an individual will often consider each option’s entertainment value and convenience. Consumers with limited funds and/or time will tend to choose the option that is cheap but offers greater pleasure. The Americans’ way of eating out can be explained using the traditional economic theory. This theory describes how consumers make decisions when they have limited product information at their disposal. The FDA specifies that â€Å"if a restaurant claims that a particular menu item is ‘low in fat’†¦ then this requirement is satisfied by adding: ‘low fat – provides less than 3 grams of fat per serving† (Technomic 8). However, the FDA does not require restaurants to disclose a meal’s specific nutrient content. Therefore, restaurants can choose to give the complete nutrient content of the foods sold or simply provide the mandated information. Nevertheless, if the majority of consumers want menu items with healthy nutrient content, the hotels/restaurants may give the complete nutrition information of the foods sold. As restaurants always compete for customers, marketing themselves as providing healthful foods can give them a competitive advantage. Some popular restaurants voluntarily give complete nutrition information of the foods they sell. A good example is the Subway restaurant, which supplies the caloric content of its popular sandwiches and compares them with the sandwiches sold by the other restaurants such as McDonald’s and Burger King. McDonald’s and Burger King, on the other hand, give pamphlets containing the details of the nutrient content of foods sold. However, other restaurants provide no such information making healthful eating away from home almost impossible for Americans. The incomplete nutrition information provided by most restaurants can be attributed to the need to retain consumers as knowledge of a meal’s dietary composition may affect demand for foods with undesirable nutrient content. Thus, when little information is provided, the consumers cannot make an informed choice when eating out.Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, those who have nutrition knowledge can assess the nutritional quality of the products sold by restaurants. Even for those who prefer to eat at home, they are motivated by the need to save money, not to eat healthy. Therefore, it can be argued that, most Americans’ eating out choices (where to eat, what to eat and how frequently to eat out) are largely dependent on entertainment and convenience, not on the nutritional value of the foods. In view of this, people with a good understanding of nutrition can effectively determine the restaurant food types that are healthful compared to those with little or no nutrition knowledge. The Economics of Eating Out Although a third of Americans report reducing how often they eat out, 1 in every 10 people in America dine out more often (DoL Para. 4). A further 70 percent of Americans cook at home to cut down their food expenditure while another 57 percent believe that eating out is an unnecessary expense. Interestingly, about 29 pe rcent of Americans claim to have reduced their expenses in other areas to sustain their eating out habits (Para. 6). These statistics imply that Americans’ restaurant spending has, to some extent, been affected by the sluggish economy. Therefore, Americans have not changed their dining out habits; they have only reduced how often they eat out. The economic downturn has seen more Americans eat out less often with some shifting from eating in major establishments to casual food outlets. Now with constrained budgets, many Americans have resorted to eating at home and when eating out, price consideration takes the center stage. They prefer casual restaurants when eating out because their prices are often low. This explains why popular casual restaurants have gained in profits over the past few years while the profits of full-service eateries have declined. For instance, The Cheesecake Factory gained 2.44 percent in profits while the McDonald’s profits declined by 12 percen t in 2010 (Technomic 9). The implication here is that consumers are increasingly becoming selective with regard to where to eat out due to budget constraints. But, what drives eating out habits besides prices? It is evident that cravings for exotic and foreign cuisines, restaurant location, entertainment value, healthy dishes offered and variety of food choices motivate Americans to eat out as opposed to cooking at home. This indicates that the American way of eating out is not influenced by the need to eat healthy. Rather, entertainment value, convenience and variety of dishes available in restaurants drive many Americans to dine out in restaurants. Conclusion Dining out in restaurants is a favorite pastime for most Americans. Most Americans prefer to eat out to eating at home because restaurants offer convenience, in terms of location, they offer a variety of meals/dishes and most offer entertainment for patrons. Despite the recent economic downturn and the poor nutritional qualit y of fast-foods, most Americans still enjoy dining out. Therefore, until Americans recognize the high nutritional value of home cooked meals, eating out will continue to be the norm, as fast-food restaurants continue to rake in profits. Works Cited Stewart, Hayden, Blisard, Noel, Jolliffe, Dean and Bhuyan, Sanjib. â€Å"The Demand for Food-Away-From Home: Do Other Preferences Compete with Our Desire to Eat Healthfully?† Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 30.3 (2005): 520-536. Print. Technomic, Inc. Trends in Healthier Eating and Fruit and Vegetable Usage in Chain  Restaurants. Wilmington, DE: Produce for Better Health Foundation, 2006. Print. United States Department of Labor [DoL]. Economic News Release: Consumer  Expenditures– 2012. Web. https://www.bls.gov/news.release/cesan.nr0.htm. This research paper on The American Way of Dining Out was written and submitted by user Mentor to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.